Phenotypic and genotypic methods for typing Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in poultry

Abstract

Human campylobacteriosis, an infection caused by the bacterium Campylobacter, is a major issue in the United States food system, especially for poultry products. According to the Center for Disease Control, campylobacterosis is estimated to affect over 2.4 million people annually. Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are 2 species responsible for the majority of campylobacterosis infections. Phenotypic and genotypic typing methods are often used to discriminate between bacteria at the species and subspecies level and are often used to identify pathogenic organisms, such as C. jejuni and C. coli. This review describes the design as well as advantages and disadvantages for 3 current phenotypic techniques (biotyping, serotyping, and multilocus enzyme electrophoresis) and 6 genotypic techniques (multilocus sequence typing, PCR, pulse-field gel electrophoresis, ribotyping, flagellin typing, and amplified fragment length polymorphisms) for typing pathogenic Campylobacter spp.

Campylobacter jejuniisolated from human cases in Chile showed indistinguishable pulsed field gel electrophoresis profiles with strains isolated from poultry and bovine sources

“…In summary, the use of PFGE allows us to confirm the epidemiologic link between animal reservoirs and human campylobacteriosis in Chile, as has been demonstrated in various other regions (Eberle & Kiess, 2012;Saito et al, 2005;Zhang et al, 2010). Another source of infection could exist; therefore other animals and environmental reservoirs must be studied.…”

“…Commonly used genotypic typing methods in Campylobacter sp. include multilocus sequence typing, polymerase chain reaction, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), ribotyping, flagellin typing, and amplified fragmentlength polymorphism (AFLP) (Eberle & Kiess, 2012). PFGE is one of the most discriminatory molecular typing methods that can be used in this pathogen (Behringer, Miller, & Oyarzabal, 2011;Eberle & Kiess, 2012;Ka¨renlampi, Rautelin, & Ha¨nninen, 2011) being the method of choice for epidemiologic subtyping of pathogenic bacteria by most federal, state, and local health laboratories in the United States (Eberle & Kiess, 2012).…”

Molecular Gene Profiling of Clostridium botulinum Group III and Its Detection in Naturally Contaminated Samples Originating from Various European Countries

“…Flagellin genes and their products have been used as genotypic and phenotypic typing methods for foodborne pathogens (23). The flagellar glycosylation island represents one of the major areas of divergence in the Clostridium genome (24), reflecting the genomic diversity.…”

Campylobacter in the environment: A major threat to public health

“…Serotyping methods, detect the agglutination of specific antigens with antisera [102]. These methods are usually used in clinical settings, however they have the problem of 'untypable strains' strains of confirmed Campylobacter isolates, from human and environmental are frequently encountered [81,103,104].…”