Campylobacter in the environment: A major threat to public health

Abulreesh, Hussein H.; Organji, Sameer R.; Elbanna, Кhaled; Osman, Gamal; Almalki, Meshal H.K.; Ahmad, Iqbal

doi:10.12980/apjtd.7.2017d6-392

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 137 publications

(204 reference statements)

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“…A previous study showed that the alteration in this region is due to poly-P metabolism, which consists of phosphate residues that are linked by high-energy phosphoanhydride bonds that play important roles in bacterial survival and stress tolerance by altering the composition of the bacterial capsule ( Gangaiah et al., 2009 ).The cluster forming pearl necklace-like structures in the VBNC form, with several cocci in sequence, suggests a possible union or even division of the microorganism. Such organization can be explained as a survival strategy in the environment ( Abulreesh et al., 2017 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of viable but non-culturable state in the survival of Campylobacter jejuni

Santos

Rossi

Braz

et al. 2023

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Despite being considered fragile and fastidious, Campylobacter jejuni is the most prevalent cause of foodborne bacterial gastroenteritis, and chicken meat is considered the main vehicle of transmission to humans. This agent can survive adverse conditions in the form of biofilms, but extreme stress (nutritional, oxidative and thermal) promotes the acquisition of a state called viable but not culturable (VBNC). The emergence of this pathogen worldwide and the recent international requirements in its control instigated us to qualitatively and quantitatively estimate the time required for the acquisition of the VBNC form in 27 strains of C. jejuni, characterize morphological aspects, determine its adaptive and invasive potential and perform comparative metabolomic evaluation. Extreme stress promoted the complete acquisition of the VBNC form in a mean time of 26 days. Starting from an average initial count of 7.8 log CFU/mL, the first four days determined the greatest average reduction of the culturable form of 3.2 log CFU/mL. The scanning and transmission image analyses showed a transition from the typical viable form (VT) to the VBNC form, with initial acquisition of the straight rod shape, followed by loss of the flagella and subdivision into two to 11 imperfect cocci arranged in a chain and rich in cellular content, until their individual release. RT-PCR identified the presence of ciaB and p19 transcripts in the 27 cultivable C. jejuni strains, a character maintained in the VBNC form only for p19 and in 59.3% (16/27) of the VBNC strains for the ciaB gene. The average inoculation of 1.8 log CFU/mL of C. jejuni VBNC into primary chicken embryo hepatocyte cells promoted the occurrence of apoptosis processes significantly after 24 hours of contact by one of the strains tested. In C. jejuni VBNC, we detected higher expression of metabolites linked to protective and adaptation mechanisms and of volatile organic precursor compounds indicative of metabolism interruption. The oscillations in the time of acquisition of the VBNC form together with the presence of transcripts for ciaB and p19, the identification of cell lysis and metabolites that ensure the maintenance of the pathogen alert to the fact that C. jejuni VBNC remains virulent and adapted to stress, which makes evident the potential danger of this latent form, which is not detectable by official methodologies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of viable but non-culturable state in the survival of Campylobacter jejuni

Santos

Rossi

Braz

et al. 2023

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…The 19.4% overall prevalence found is significant, given that Campylobacter infection is a major threat to public health [34,35] and human health is intricately connected to that of animals. Concerted effort should be made to limit human exposure to the infection through food chain or contact with an infected animal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Good farm management practices such as intensive husbandry system and strict biosecurity are pivotal to curtail dissemination of pathogens of public health importance at the farm level. Since poultry is a potent source of human Campylobacter infection [8,11,35,36], proper treatment of poultry feces before disposal or use as feed (in piggeries or fisheries) or manure (in vegetable and fruit gardens) may be an effective control measure against the spread of these enteric zoonotic pathogens. As wild bird feces can contaminate the environment [37], adequate environmental sanitation and hygiene, especially in public places, neighborhoods, and recreational centers, should be prioritized, to restrict the proliferation of the agents in the environment and the possible onward transmission to humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of thermotolerant Campylobacter infection in poultry in Nsukka agricultural zone, Nigeria

2019

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Backgrond and Aim: Thermotolerant Campylobacter organisms (TCOs) are primary causes of bacterial foodborne gastroenteritis worldwide. Although all warm-blooded animals are susceptible to colonization by TCOs, food-producing animals, especially poultry, are major reservoirs of the infection for transmission to humans. This epidemiological study for thermotolerant Campylobacter infection (TCI) in poultry was, therefore, conducted to determine the prevalence and to identify the risk factors of TCI in 60 randomly selected poultry farms in Nsukka agricultural zone. Materials and Methods: A structured questionnaire was used to elicit information on the farmers' involvement in practices that may aggravate TCI in poultry farms. Isolation of TCOs for the determination of prevalence of the infection was done following standard microbiological protocol. Results: The majority (93.3%) of the farms practiced intensive management system. Farm and individual prevalence of TCI were 78.3% and 19.4%, respectively. The prevalence of 15.7% and 23.6% was recorded for birds reared in urban and rural areas, respectively. Similarly, prevalence rates of 17.2%, 25%, 14.7%, and 24.5% were documented for broiler, layer, male, and female birds, respectively. Major risk factors of TCI found were non-sanitization of drinking water, rearing birds of different ages together, thinning, raising other animals alongside poultry, and overstocking. Conclusion: Overall prevalence of 19.4% is high from public health and food safety points of view. Farmers' participation in the risk factors for TCI is massive. Significant improvement in biosecurity practices in poultry farms in the study area is therefore imperative; to limit TCI in poultry and hence the risk of human infection through the food chain or at the poultry-human interface.

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“…Campylobacteriosis is an important zoonotic illness with a universal distribution (Thomrongsuwannakij et al, 2017). In the most recent decades, there was an increase in the number of human infection cases in developing and industrialized countries with 96 million cases of acute gastroenteritis and 21 thousand deaths yearly worldwide (WHO, 2015;Abulreesh et al, 2017). Actually, diarrheal disease has a great importance particularly in developing economies, where children < 2 years may die when infected with these microorganisms (Saeed et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistanc Patterns of Campylobacter Species Isolated From Different Sources in Eygpt

El-Naenaeey

El-Hamid

Khalifa

2021

J microb biotech food sci

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Campylobacter food poisoning is understated in developing countries. To determine the occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of this pathogen in Zagazig City, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt, a total of 286 samples from chicken (195), cattle (47) and human (44) were collected. Bacteriological examination of the collected samples revealed high prevalence rates of Campylobacter species from human stool, chicken and raw milk samples (90.91%, 86.15% and 82.98%, respectively). C. jejuni was recognized as the most frequently recovered species (63.29%). There were no significant effects on the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. based on the sample type (p = 0.54). Thirty eight campylobacter isolates were confirmed molecularly using PCR amplification of 23S rRNA gene. Furthermore, PCR targeting mapA and ceuE genes were then applied for the confirmation of C. jejuni and C. coli isolates, respectively. The antibiotic resistance results showed that all isolates (100%) were resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin and erythromycin. On the other hand, the lowest resistance rates were detected against amikacin, impenem and cefoxitin (28.74%, 32.39% and 47.77, respectively). In total, 207 (83.81%) campylobacter isolates were MDR, while 38 isolates (15.38%) and 2 chicken C. jejuni isolates (0.81%) were XDR and PDR, respectively. One hundred and forty five antimicrobial resistance profiles were generated with an MAR index of 0.45 or greater. Our results suggested that the presence of MDR campylobacters in chicken and raw milk, specifically to erythromycin and/ or ciproﬂoxacin aggravates the human health alarm and emphasizes the necessity to educate the consumers about the safeness and the goodness of such foods.

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Campylobacter in the environment: A major threat to public health

Cited by 9 publications

References 137 publications

Roles of viable but non-culturable state in the survival of Campylobacter jejuni

Roles of viable but non-culturable state in the survival of Campylobacter jejuni

Epidemiology of thermotolerant Campylobacter infection in poultry in Nsukka agricultural zone, Nigeria

Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistanc Patterns of Campylobacter Species Isolated From Different Sources in Eygpt

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