“…In phenomenological models, mechanical behavior laws are derived from thermodynamic potentials and the representation of the mechanical degradation is more finite [18]. Damage phenomenological models can be used more easily that the micro-mechanical damage models in numerical simulation, because energy formulations do not need the microscopic data [18,19]. On the other hand, in micro-mechanical models, the damage variable has a physical sense related to the volume fraction occupied by cracks in the damaged composite, the rate of energy dissipated by fracture or cracks parameters [20,21].…”
This paper aims to present an experimental multi-scale analysis of quasi-static and high strain rate damage behavior of a new formulation of SMC composite (Advanced SMC). In order to study its capability to absorb energy through damage accumulation, Randomly Oriented (RO) and High oriented (HO) A-SMC composites damage has been investigated at both microscopic and macroscopic scales. A specific device has been developed in order to perform Interrupted Dynamic Tensile Tests (IDTT) which allows analyzing the evolution of the microscopic damage mechanisms occurring during rapid tensile tests. Several damage micro-mechanisms have been pointed out. The relative influences of these micro-damage events and their interactions have been related to the macroscopic damage behavior through the definition of microscopic and macroscopic damage indicators. Damage threshold and kinetic have been quantified at various strain rate for different microstructures and loading cases (RO, HO-0 and HO-90). It has been shown at both scales that increasing strain rate leads to an onset of damage initiation together with a reduction of the damage accumulation kinetic. Moreover, the influence of the fiber orientation has been studied in order to emphasize the anisotropic strain rate effect at the fiber-matrix interface scale. The latter was related to the influence of the microstructure of A-SMC composites. Finally, on the basis of the whole experimental results, the microscopic origin of the viscous nature of the damage behavior of A-SMCs composites have been discussed and related to the influence of the strain rate and microstructure.
“…In phenomenological models, mechanical behavior laws are derived from thermodynamic potentials and the representation of the mechanical degradation is more finite [18]. Damage phenomenological models can be used more easily that the micro-mechanical damage models in numerical simulation, because energy formulations do not need the microscopic data [18,19]. On the other hand, in micro-mechanical models, the damage variable has a physical sense related to the volume fraction occupied by cracks in the damaged composite, the rate of energy dissipated by fracture or cracks parameters [20,21].…”
This paper aims to present an experimental multi-scale analysis of quasi-static and high strain rate damage behavior of a new formulation of SMC composite (Advanced SMC). In order to study its capability to absorb energy through damage accumulation, Randomly Oriented (RO) and High oriented (HO) A-SMC composites damage has been investigated at both microscopic and macroscopic scales. A specific device has been developed in order to perform Interrupted Dynamic Tensile Tests (IDTT) which allows analyzing the evolution of the microscopic damage mechanisms occurring during rapid tensile tests. Several damage micro-mechanisms have been pointed out. The relative influences of these micro-damage events and their interactions have been related to the macroscopic damage behavior through the definition of microscopic and macroscopic damage indicators. Damage threshold and kinetic have been quantified at various strain rate for different microstructures and loading cases (RO, HO-0 and HO-90). It has been shown at both scales that increasing strain rate leads to an onset of damage initiation together with a reduction of the damage accumulation kinetic. Moreover, the influence of the fiber orientation has been studied in order to emphasize the anisotropic strain rate effect at the fiber-matrix interface scale. The latter was related to the influence of the microstructure of A-SMC composites. Finally, on the basis of the whole experimental results, the microscopic origin of the viscous nature of the damage behavior of A-SMCs composites have been discussed and related to the influence of the strain rate and microstructure.
“…Therefore, it is essential to assess failure behaviour of these materials in such loading cases. Recently, Bere et al [21] proposed a mathematical fracture model for bidirectional reinforced composite material under uniaxial and biaxial loads. Zhou et al [22] developed an anisotropic progressive damage model (PDM) accounting for shear nonlinearity to evaluate strength of a 2D plain weave composite under various uniaxial and biaxial loading conditions using a representative volume cell (RVC).…”
An experimental study was focused on investigation of the failure properties of plain woven glass/epoxy composites under offaxis and biaxial tension loading conditions. Four fibre orientations (0 ,15 ,30 and 45 with respect to the load direction) were considered for off-axis tests and two biaxial load ratios for biaxial tests to study failure characteristics and mechanism. Four classical polynomial failure criteria-Tsai-Hill, Hoffman, Tsai-Wu and Yeh-Stratton-were analysed comparatively to predict offaxis and biaxial failure strength of the composites. For failure prediction of the plain woven composites under multiaxial tension loads, the Tsai-Wu criterion was modified by introducing an interaction coefficient F 12 obtained from 45 off-axis or biaxial tension tests and the Yeh-Stratton criterion was modified with the interaction coefficient B 12 ¼ 0 or obtained from the biaxial tension test. The former criterion was found to have higher accuracy. Finally, according to macroscopic and microscopic studies, the failed specimens showed mostly distinct failure with a specific fracture orientation, mainly exhibiting fibre or fabric tensile fracture mode and a combination of matrix cracking and delamination, both in off-axis and cruciform samples.
Abstract.A finite element analysis software has been used in order to determine several mechanical properties for samples made from unidirectional composite materials. Plates from reinforced unidirectional fiber glass polymer composites obtained by compression hand lay-up process were studied.Tensile tests were performed upon samples with different number and orientation of the composite ply layup.
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