Phenomenological and structural properties of piezoelectric ceramics based on xPb(Zr,Ti) O3-(1-x)Sr(K0·25Nb0·75)O3 (PZT/SKN) solid solutions

Helke, G.; Seifert, S.; Cho, Sang-Jin

doi:10.1016/s0955-2219(98)00417-8

Cited by 30 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…A great amount of S, K, Na, and Fe, among other impurities were identified. 37 If this material would take up impurities during firing, it would reduce the effective donor content, explaining the degradation in S max compared to the extruded fibers. 35 It is well known that PZT crystallizes in the perovskite ) for charge neutrality.…”

Section: (3) Microstructure and Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing and Properties of Co‐Extruded Lead Zirconate Titanate Fibers

et al. 2011

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The development of the whole process chain, starting with feedstock preparation and rheological characterization, followed by debinding, sintering, and the final properties is described for the fabrication of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) fibers through the co‐extrusion process. The PZT‐polymer and carbon black (CB)‐polymer feedstocks were prepared using a high‐shear mixer and their rheological behavior was characterized by torque rheometry and by the evaluation of viscosity models which consider the influence of the volume fraction of solids on the relative viscosity Based on the rheology of the compounds, a feedstock containing 58 vol% of PZT and another containing 35 vol% of CB were selected for the co‐extrusion process. By varying the viscosity ratio between the co‐extruded materials, three different co‐extrusion investigations were carried out. To detect any defect present in the green co‐extruded monofilament composites that may become evident only after debinding, sintering or even at the test stage, X‐ray tomography was performed. To establish the developed co‐extrusion process chain, the microstructure, and the electromechanical properties of successfully co‐extruded and sintered fibers (ø ~250 μm) were compared with fibers produced by conventional thermoplastic extrusion. The extruded fibers revealed a maximum strain of 0.39%, whereas this value was decreased to 0.22% for the co‐extruded ones.

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Section: (3) Microstructure and Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing and Properties of Co‐Extruded Lead Zirconate Titanate Fibers

et al. 2011

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“…In an earlier grain size investigation, it is noted that grain sizes <1.0 µm have a suppressed domain configuration that could limit optimal poling of domains and reduce extrinsic piezoelectric contributions. For a given well-controlled soft piezoelectric composition, maximum d 33 levels required an average grain size of at least 2.0 µm [48,49]. A grain boundary phase is in series connectivity with the high permittivity grains and can lower the relative permittivity and the associated piezoelectric activity [50].…”

Section: Flux Development For Low Fire High Piezoelectric Ceramicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Strain Piezoelectric Multilayer Actuators?A Material Science and Engineering Challenge

et al. 2005

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Piezoelectric actuators are at an important stage of their development into a large component market. This market pull is for dynamically driven actuators for Diesel injector valves in automobiles. Cost, yield, and reliability are important concerns for the automobile industry. A number of these concerns relate back to basic material science issues in the manufacture of the piezoelectric actuators. This paper discusses material development of the piezoelectric ceramic and new opportunities for higher temperature materials. An important consideration in developing low-fire ceramics is the flux selection for a given system, and these must be selected to limit electrodeceramic interface reactions in both Ag/Pd and copper-metallized electrode actuators.

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“…The material characteristics are similar to the PZT ceramic which was studied by Helke et al 11 and Donelly et al 12 As dopants for the initial PZT, high purity oxides (Alfa Aesar, Karlsruhe, Germany) were used: Al 2 O 3 99.95 Ma.%, Fe 2 O 3 99.945 Ma.%, and SiO 2 99.9 Ma.%. The material characteristics are similar to the PZT ceramic which was studied by Helke et al 11 and Donelly et al 12 As dopants for the initial PZT, high purity oxides (Alfa Aesar, Karlsruhe, Germany) were used: Al 2 O 3 99.95 Ma.%, Fe 2 O 3 99.945 Ma.%, and SiO 2 99.9 Ma.%.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Microstructure Development of PZT Ceramics by Doping with Small Amounts of Al₂O₃, SiO₂, and Fe₂O₃

et al. 2014

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Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics are used in a wide range of applications as sensors and actuators. Typically, they are formulated by the mixed oxide route, using several mixing and milling steps. Due to wear, these processes introduce impurities into the ceramic mass, which on their part can strongly influence densification behaviour and final properties of the PZT. In this study, the effect of such impurities, such as iron oxide, alumina, and silica, on the sintering behaviour and microstructure development of PZT ceramic is evaluated. A commercial Nb‐doped PZT powder was used and doped by adding Al2O3, SiO2, and Fe2O3 with an amount of up to 0.001 mol%. Bulk samples were prepared and sintered in air. The mass loss, density, and grain size were correlated by regression analysis using the doping elements and levels, respectively. Due to the complex interactions between the oxides and the ceramic properties, the experiments were performed with the design‐of‐experiment method (DoE). The results showed a significant influence of these low amounts of doping levels on the microstructure development. Moreover, it was shown that doping after calcination affects the microstructure in a similar way to doping before calcination. Thus, a possibility to compensate concentration variations in the calcined ceramic mass is demonstrated, to homogenize the chemical composition and the final microstructure of the sintered PZT ceramic in the manufacturing processes.

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Phenomenological and structural properties of piezoelectric ceramics based on xPb(Zr,Ti) O3-(1-x)Sr(K0·25Nb0·75)O3 (PZT/SKN) solid solutions

Cited by 30 publications

References 6 publications

Processing and Properties of Co‐Extruded Lead Zirconate Titanate Fibers

Processing and Properties of Co‐Extruded Lead Zirconate Titanate Fibers

High Strain Piezoelectric Multilayer Actuators?A Material Science and Engineering Challenge

Microstructure Development of PZT Ceramics by Doping with Small Amounts of Al₂O₃, SiO₂, and Fe₂O₃

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Phenomenological and structural properties of piezoelectric ceramics based on xPb(Zr,Ti) O3-(1-x)Sr(K0·25Nb0·75)O3 (PZT/SKN) solid solutions

Cited by 30 publications

References 6 publications

Processing and Properties of Co‐Extruded Lead Zirconate Titanate Fibers

Processing and Properties of Co‐Extruded Lead Zirconate Titanate Fibers

High Strain Piezoelectric Multilayer Actuators?A Material Science and Engineering Challenge

Microstructure Development of PZT Ceramics by Doping with Small Amounts of Al2O3, SiO2, and Fe2O3

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Microstructure Development of PZT Ceramics by Doping with Small Amounts of Al₂O₃, SiO₂, and Fe₂O₃