Phenomena

Brown, James Robert

doi:10.1007/978-94-015-8638-2_9

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For example, in an article called "The Human Being in Disasters: A Research Perspective" Fritz and Williams (1957, 42) Quarantelli (2001) clearly refutes this point that despite major evidence to the contrary, panic remains part of the popular imagination and continues to be evoked as part of disaster management plans worldwide. Indeed a large volume of the literature rejects these assumptions, demonstrating the lack of such behaviour which has included: the inability to act rationally with chaos, social breakdown and antisocial behaviour -crime, looting, or exploitation (Brown 1954;Drabek 1986;Goldthorpe 1998;Gwynne, Galea, and Lawrence 2006;Heide 2004;Howard 1966;Johnson 1988;Mawson 1978;Mintz 1951;Quarantelli 1972Quarantelli , 2001. A breadth of empirical work has also demonstrated that tenets of acceptable behaviour and respect for law do not break down (Aguirre, Wenger, and Vigo 1998;Drabek 1986;Hancock and Szalma 2008;Johnson, Feinberg, and Johnston 1994;Quarantelli 1960;Tierney, Lindell, and Perry 2001).…”

Section: Panic or Fight Flight And Affiliatementioning

confidence: 99%

Surviving the Storm: Behavioural Economics in the Conflict Environment

Savage

2016

Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

While behavioural economics has become part of mainstream economic theory, showing systematic deviations from the standard homo economicius in normal environments, there has been little exploration of behaviour in the extreme -such as conflict, disasters or war zones. This has led to the underdevelopment of behavioural theory examining the choices or motivations of individuals within these environments, resulting in sub-optimal models and policy. This work provides an entry point for the application of behavioural economics within conflict zones, specifically the examination of decision-making of non-combatant individuals. Additionally, it provides insight into the related disaster research field, detailing current studies, overview methodological approaches, approaches and limitations. Concluding with a general discussion and potential implications for policy.Keywords: behavioural economics, conflict, experiments, analytic narratives JEL Classifications: C90, C93, D03, D74, D81, H84The most shocking fact about war is that its victims and its instruments are individual human beings.Huxley (1937) The reality of our era […] is that torture is rampant, murdering civilians commonplace, and driving the survivors from their homes often the main goal of a particular military offensive. Gutman, Rieff, and Dworkin (2007)

show abstract

Section: Panic or Fight Flight And Affiliatementioning

confidence: 99%

Surviving the Storm: Behavioural Economics in the Conflict Environment

Savage

2016

Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Collective behavior is the generic term for the often extraordinary and dramatic actions of groups and of individuals in groups [6]. Models of collective behavior tend to be bimodal.…”

Section: Collective Behavior and Small Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At one extreme are models that consider the entire crowd as one entity. Scholars have assumed that crowds transform individuals, so that the resulting collective begins to exhibit a homogeneous "group mind" that is highly emotional and irrational [6]. At the other extreme are models treating everyone as individuals.…”

Section: Collective Behavior and Small Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Automatically detecting the small group structure of a crowd

Collins

Ruback

2009

2009 Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recent work on computer vision analysis of crowds tends to focus on robustly tracking individuals through the crowd or on analyzing the overall pattern of flow. Our work seeks a deeper analysis of social behavior by identifying the small group structure of crowds, forming the basis for mid-level activity analysis at the granularity of human social groups. Building upon state-of-the-art algorithms for pedestrian detection and multi-object tracking, and inspired by social science models of human collective behavior, we automatically detect small groups of individuals who are traveling together. These groups are discovered using a bottom-up hierarchical clustering approach that compares sets of individuals based on a generalized, symmetric Hausdorff distance defined with respect to pairwise proximity and velocity. We validate our results quantitatively and qualitatively on videos of real-world pedestrian scenes. Where humancoded ground truth is available, we find substantial statistical agreement between our results and the human-perceived small group structure of the crowd.

show abstract

“…Not surprisingly, this line of research has revealed that competition is greater between groups than between individuals. This effect of greater amounts of competitive responding with interactions between groups as compared to individuals has been termed "the DifferentiaI Outcomes 8 discontinuity effect" (Brown, 1954). The phenomenon has been observed over different paradigms and variations.…”

Section: Comparisons 8etween Competition In Groups and Individualsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential Buffering Effects of Group Interaction on Emotional Responses to Differential Outcomes

Simpson

Benenson

2002

Canadian Journal of School Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Participants were given a questionnaire, consisting of schematic drawings of children and adolescents in interindividual and intergroup contexts, to assess their perceptions about how their typical same-sex peers feel when they are experiencing relative success or failure in developmentally relevant domains. In Study 1, 192 participants in grade 4 and grade 10 came from mixed-sex schools. In Study 2, 173 participants in grades four, five and ten were recruited from same-sex schools. Results indicated that participants judged their typical same-sex peers to feel better when experiencing relative success in an intergroup as compared to interindividual context. In the same-sex schools participants also reported more positive feelings in an intergroup context when experiencing relative failure. Discussion centers on the implications for achievement and performance in educational contexts.

show abstract

Phenomena

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Surviving the Storm: Behavioural Economics in the Conflict Environment

Surviving the Storm: Behavioural Economics in the Conflict Environment

Automatically detecting the small group structure of a crowd

The Potential Buffering Effects of Group Interaction on Emotional Responses to Differential Outcomes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About