Phenoloxidase Activity of Hemocytes Derived fromPenaeus monodonandMacrobrachium rosenbergii

Morphology and Immunological Roles of Hemocytes and Fixed Phagocytes in Black Tiger Shrimp Penaeus monodon

“…This finding coincides to those reported in black tiger shrimp studied by Sung et al (1998) and other penaeid shrimp such as Sicyonia ingentis, P. paulensis and P. japonicus (Hose et al, 1992;Seqaeira et al, 1995;Perrazzolo and Barracco, 1997;Kondo et al, 1998) as well as in other crustaceans, Astacus astacus, Procambarus clarki, Pacifastacus leniusculus and Macrobrachium rosenbergii in which the phenoloxidase activity was found in the granular hemocytes (Smith and SoderhUall, 1983;Johanson and Soderhall, 1985;Lanz et al, 1993;Sung et al, 1996) The phagocytic activity may vary from species to species as reported by Paterson and Stewart (1974) who noted the phagocytic activity of 20% in lobsters and 26% in black tiger shrimp. The black tiger shrimp's blood also showed 98.2% clearance ability against V. harveyi within 3 h in healthy shrimp or the shrimp from under proper management of the farms.…”

Effect of replacement of fish meal by meat and bone meal and poultry by-product meal in diets on the growth and immune response of Macrobrachium nipponense

“…The PO activity is activated by several microbial polysaccharides, and is dependent on high temperature and divalent calcium and magnesium cations (Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ) in P. monodon [46]. Similar to that in other crustaceans, PO activity in Penaeus paulensis and M. rosenbergii was enhanced by suitable content of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ and was inhibited by high concentrations of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ [46,47]. MBM generally contains higher ash content and Ca 2+ concentration than fish meal.…”

“…Because O 2 ÿ is the first product released from a respiratory burst, O 2 ÿ measurement has been accepted as an accurate method for estimating the cell's capability to generate a respiratory burst [13,15]. It is well known that O 2 ÿ production can be affected by environmental factors [7] and can be enhanced by treatment with immunostimulants [46], but the effect of nutritional factors on O 2 ÿ production has received little attention. Lee and Shiau [40] first reported that intracellular superoxide anion production of the haemocytes in P. monodon fed diets containing ascorbate supplements was approximately 1.27e2.24 times higher than that of shrimp fed unsupplemented diets.…”

Properties of phenoloxidase from haemocytes of Scylla tranquebarica

“…In the present study, the optimum requirement of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ were checked separately for PO activity and revealed that either of these cations helps in PO expression of S. tranquebarica. Generally, the arthropod proPO system required a threshold concentration of calcium for proPO activation [16] and the optimum levels of these two divalent cations, either separately or in combination of both has been reported in several decapods [5,18]. Furthermore, the ionic concentration in the hemolymph of decapods varies with environmental conditions, such as temperature and salinity [19].…”

“…The location of proPO is highly varied among arthropods. However, in decapod crustaceans, proPO is located mainly in granular haemocytes and haemocyte lysate supernatant was used as the enzyme source [5][6][7][8]. Although, the presence of a proPO system involved in non-self recognition is well documented in decapods, no such reports are available for Scylla tranquebarica.…”