Phenological development–yield relationships in spring barley in a subarctic environment

Selection for yield and earliness in mutated genotypes of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) in cool and short‐season environments

“…This situation indicates that early-maturing genotypes have relatively higher rates of growth and that they complete their maturity with lower total accumulated temperatures. These results are supported by Dofing (1995) who reported that the growth rate of barley cultivars adapted to northern latitudes is higher under cool and long-day conditions. Peltonen-Sainio (1990) also emphasised that the grain-filling duration is shorter, but the grain-filling rate is higher in new high yielding oat cultivars under these conditions.…”

“…Therefore, the identification of early-maturing and high-yielding traits in the same genotype is possible, allowing significant improvements on the standard cultivar (e.g., Ml 17 and Ml 19 genotypes). Some researchers have made similar observations in other mutated barley studies (Gaul 1966;ibrahim & Sharaan 1974a;Yildirim & Cagirgan 1988) and Dofing (1995) stated that there were significant differences between barley cultivars for GDD to maturity. Dofing also emphasised that, for rapid growth capacity, barley genotypes selected from cool and short-season environments had relatively greater grain-filling capacity than those selected from temperate and long-season environments.…”

“…all phenological measurements of plant development were assessed using number of days from seeding (Rasmusson et al 1979;Metzger et al 1984;akkaya & akten 1992) and GDD with a base temperature of 0°C (Cao & Moss 1989;Dofing 1995). Heading date was recorded when c. 50% of spikes had completely emerged from the boot for a given plot.…”

“…35 allowing higher kernel weights and grain yields to be achieved (nass & Reiser 1975). Other studies have determined the relationships between the growing degree-days (GDD) associated with the various growth periods and grain yield in wheat and barley in cool and short-season environments (Dofing 1992(Dofing , 1995Dofing & Knight 1992). Dofing & Knight (1992) report significant differences between barley cultivars for their GDD to maturity so that even 2 days' gain of early maturation in a short-season environment is critical.…”

Comparison of grain moisture vs. visual observation in selection for early maturity in barley

“…Maturity of barley cultivars in northern regions is most commonly assessed visually as the date at which a percentage of spikes lose their green color (Jedel and Helm 1994;Dofing 1995). Maturity date can be converted to days after planting or after a specific date, or to cumulative thermal time using growing degree days (GDD).…”