Phenolic-Rich Baccaurea angulata Modulates Inflammatory Biomarkers of Atherosclerosis

Abstract

Purpose Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading and the most critical type of chronic disease. Atherosclerosis is the most common cause of CVD. Inflammation has been progressively acknowledged as a vital and central player in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. Baccaurea angulata is an underutilized fruit of the island of Borneo. It was obtained from Bau, Sarawak, Malaysia. In our previous studies, B. angulata did not only increase antioxidant enzyme activities, but also slowed the lipid peroxidation process in high-cholesterol-fed rabbits. It was hypothesized that B. angulata fruit would exert an anti-inflammatory effect. This study, therefore, aimed at evaluating and comparing the effects of three different B. angulata whole fruit (WF) juice doses on 11 serum inflammatory biomarkers of atherosclerosis. Methods Thirty-five male New Zealand white rabbits were divided into seven groups (n=5). Group CH was fed 1% cholesterol diet only, group C1 was fed 1% cholesterol diet and 0.5 ml/kg/day B. angulata WF juice, group C2 was fed 1% cholesterol diet and 1.0 ml/kg/day B. angulata WF juice, group C3 was fed 1% cholesterol diet and 1.5 ml/kg/day B. angulata WF juice, group N was fed standard pellet only, group N1 was fed standard pellet and 0.5 ml/kg/day B. angulata WF juice, and group N2 was fed standard pellet and 1.0 ml/kg/day B. angulata WF juice for 12 weeks. Results The administration of the various juices reduced the concentrations of induced serum inflammatory biomarkers. Conclusion This protective effect of B. angulata fruit against cardiovascular risk might be due to its polyphenol content.

The Nephroprotective Potential of Brassica nigra Sprout Hydroalcoholic Extract against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Renal Toxicity in Rats

“…The As Lee et al [58] indicated, based on the phytochemicals of BNS extract that exhibited hyperlipidemic and hypercholesterolemic activity on fat deposition and lipid profiles, the AI could be improved as the B. nigra sprout extract is clinically functional for treating dyslipidemia. The administration of the plant-based materials reduced the concentrations of induced serum inflammatory biomarkers, and its protective effect against cardiovascular risk might be due to its polyphenol content [61]. These findings were in agreement with our obtained results.…”

Trends and challenges in phytotherapy and phytocosmetics for skin aging

“…According to the literature, free radicals, oxidative stress, and other genotoxic stressors are the main culprits for most chronic and neurodegenerative diseases, particularly aging ( Ahmed et al, 2015 , Ahmed et al, 2017 , Pisoschi and Negulescu, 2011 , Dzoyem and Eloff, 2015 , El Assar et al, 2013 , Ibrahim et al, 2017 , Ibrahim et al, 2018a , Ibrahim et al, 2018b , Nirmala et al, 2018 ). Furthermore, the associations between ROS generation, inflammation, and disease progression are well established through the stimulation of cytokines release and activation of enzymes (such as lipoxygenases) from the various inflammatory cells ( Dzoyem and Eloff, 2015 , Yin et al, 2016 ).…”

“…Despite the high-cost implication of managing these inflammatory diseases, the outcomes have not been encouraging because a reductionist approach or a monotherapy model has always been adopted such that a single drug or single bioactive compound is used to attack one target of the disease. The trend now is to explore a group of compounds that are naturally present in foods, known as nutraceuticals or functional foods, for the management of these chronic degenerative diseases, owing to their cheapness, naturalness, safety as well as remarkable preventive and therapeutic potentials ( Ibrahim et al, 2018a , Ibrahim et al, 2018b , Santana-Gálvez et al, 2019 , Aldaddou et al, 2022 , Zamakshshari et al, 2021 , Zamakshshari et al, 2022 ). Our objectives in this review are to critically analyze the setback and limitations of the current anti-inflammatory therapy, the role of free radicals and natural antioxidants in inflammation, the role of inflammation in aging, the potential roles of naturally-derived cosmetics, cosmeceuticals, and nutricosmetics in inflammation-related diseases, the alternatives to common extraction techniques of bioactives vis-à-vis green extraction solvents such as natural deep eutectic solvents and electrochemically reduced water, the enhancement of the bioavailability, stability, solubility, and controlled release profile of the bioactives using different delivery systems as well as the potential global market value, motivators, drivers, trends, challenges, halal and other common certifications for cosmeceuticals and nutricosmetics.…”

Traditional and Pharmacological Reports of The Genus Baccaurea. A Review

“…Atherosclerotic diseases are still major causes of mortality globally. B. angulata is claimed to be plaque-reducing activity as a new anti-atherogenic plant which was investigated by using in vivo animal model, where the result showed that treatment with fruit juice of B. angulata reduced plaque formation in rabbits' entire aorta thus decrease serum IL-8 and IL-18 production of inflammatory biomarkers and thus could protect against oxidative stress linked atherosclerosis and decrease the atherogenic index [72][73].…”