Phenolic profile, antioxidant, anticholinesterase, and anti-tyrosinase activities of the various extracts ofFerula elaeochytrisandSideritis stricta

Abstract

In this study, the antioxidant, anticholinesterase, and anti-tyrosinase properties of (hexane, acetone, methanol, and water) extracts of Ferula elaeochytris and Sideritis stricta were determined with the total phenolic and flavonoid contents. The phenolic profile of the methanol and water extracts was analysed using HPLC-DAD. Protocatechuic acid was found as the major phenolic compound in the methanol (116.3 ± 3.1 µg/g) and water extracts (69.4 ± 1.3 µg/g) of F. elaeochytris. Coumarins (253.9 ± 4.1 µg/g) and catechin hydrate (175.2 ± 2.9 µg/g) were the most abundant phenolic compounds in the methanol and water extracts of S. stricta. β-carotenelinoleic acid, DPPH • , ABTS •+ , CUPRAC, and metal-chelating assays were used to evaluate antioxidant properties of the extracts. The methanol and water extracts of F. elaeochytris and the acetone and methanol extracts of S. stricta containing the highest amount of total phenolic and flavonoid contents showed the highest antioxidant activities in β-carotene-linoleic acid, DPPH • , ABTS •+ , and CUPRAC assays. The enzyme inhibitory potential of extracts was investigated against key enzymes involved in neurodegenerative (acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE)) and skin (tyrosinase) disorders. In the cholinesterase inhibitory assays, the hexane extracts of two species exhibited the best activity against AChE, while the hexane extract of F. elaeochytris and the methanol extract of S. stricta observed to be the most active against BChE. As for anti-tyrosinase activity results of extracts, the only acetone and methanol extracts showed mild inhibitory activity for both species.

Phytochemical contents, antioxidant effects, and inhibitory activities of key enzymes associated with Alzheimer's disease, ulcer, and skin disorders ofSideritis albifloraandSideritis leptoclada

“…The total flavonoid contents of extracts of S. pisidica were decreased in the order of methanol (43.75 ± 0.20 μg QEs/mg) > acetone (34.48 ± 0.33 μg QEs/mg) > hexane (30.66 ± 0.81 μg QEs/mg) (Deveci, Tel‐Çayan, Yıldırım, & Duru, ). The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the hexane, acetone, methanol, and water extracts of S. stricta were ranged between 1.77 ± 0.18 and 141.05 ± 0.11 μg PEs/mg, 0.62 ± 0.32 and 50.52 ± 0.59 μg QEs/mg in our another study (Deveci et al, ).…”

“…Considering the effects of species diversity on phenolic compounds, rosmarinic acid is regarded as a chemotaxonomic marker for Lamiaceae. It was reported that rosmarinic acid was absent in S. pisidica , S. öztürkii , and S. perfoliata , rosmarinic acid was detected in S. arguta , S. congesta , and S. stricta (Deveci et al, ; Erkan, Cetin, & Ayranci, ; Özkan, ) . Sideritis species ( S. scardica , S. raeseri , S. syriaca , S. taurica , and S. lanata ) from the Balkan Peninsula were evaluated for their polyphenolic profiles in order to establish a correlation between the taxonomy, geographical location, collection date, climate, and content of phenolic compounds.…”

“…Askun et al () investigated the phenolic compounds of S. albiflora and S. leptoclada methanol extracts; carvacrol (8,469.6 µg/ml), rosmarinic acid (6,284.3 µg/ml) for S. albiflora ; rosmarinic acid (19,641.2 µg/ml), caffeic acid (1,911.1 µg/ml) for S. leptoclada were identified as major phenolic compounds. In our previous research, HPLC‐DAD was used to screen the phenolic profile of S. stricta methanol and water extracts (Deveci, Tel‐Çayan, & Duru, ). Coumarins (253.9 ± 4.1 μg/g) were identified as the major phenolic compound in S. stricta methanol extract, while catechin hydrate (175.2 ± 2.9 μg/g) was identified to be the major phenolic compound in the water extract.…”

“…Nonphenolic compounds such as saponins and alkaloids can be responsible for the highest cholinesterase inhibitory activities (Zengin et al, ). Cholinesterase inhibitory activity of various extracts of S. caesarea , S. galatica , S. pisidica , S. brevibracteata , and S. stricta was investigated in earlier reports and all Sideritis species showed moderate activities (Deveci et al, , ; Halfon, Çiftçi, & Topçu, ; Sagir, Carikci, Kilic, & Goren, ; Zengin et al, ).…”

Phenolic profiles, antioxidant, and anticholinesterase activities of three Gloeophyllum species with chemometric approach

“…DPPH free radical scavenging (Tel, Apaydın, Duru, & Öztürk, ), β‐carotene‐linoleic acid (Tel et al, ), ABTS cation radical scavenging (Deveci, Tel‐Çayan, & Duru, ), CUPRAC (Tel et al, ), and metal chelating activity on Fe 2+ assays (Çayan et al, ) were carried out to test the antioxidant activity of n ‐hexane, acetone, and methanol extracts of Gloeophyllum species. For comparison of the activities, antioxidant standards BHA, α‐tocopherol, and EDTA were used.…”