Phytochemical contents, antioxidant effects, and inhibitory activities of key enzymes associated with Alzheimer's disease, ulcer, and skin disorders ofSideritis albifloraandSideritis leptoclada

Abstract

In this study, urease, tyrosinase, cholinesterase inhibitory, and antioxidant activities of various extracts of Sideritis albiflora and Sideritis leptoclada were determined together with the phytochemical contents. In addition, the fatty acid compositions and phenolic compounds were investigated by gas chromatography (GC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). Rosmarinic acid and caffeic acid in both Sideritis species were identified as the most abundant phenolic compounds whereas palmitic acid was found as a major fatty acid. The acetone extract of S. leptoclada indicated the highest antioxidant activity in β-carotene-linoleic acid (IC 50 : 17.23 ± 0.11 µg/ml), DPPH • (IC 50 :28.14 ± 0.05 µg/ml) and ABTS •+ (IC 50 : 15.18 ± 0.02 µg/ml) assays. The acetone extract of S. albiflora (A 0.50 : 32.71 ± 0.44 µg/ml) was found as the best reductant in cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) assay. Against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), only the hexane extracts of Sideritis species showed moderate inhibitory activity. Moreover, all extracts of S. albiflora and the hexane extract of S. leptoclada exhibited significantly higher urease inhibitory activity than that of thiourea. Further, in vivo activity studies on extracts and isolated constituents obtained from these species are needed to understand the activity in biological systems. Practical applicationsMultiple pharmacological studies have proven that Sideritis species is precious with significant bioactive properties. This is the first comprehensive research to determine the enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant activities of various extracts of S. albiflora and S. leptoclada with phytochemical contents. Both Sideritis species were found to be rich in rosmarinic and caffeic acids. The acetone extracts showed the highest activity in terms of antioxidant activity, while the hexane extracts exhibited superior urease inhibitory activity. These results show that Sideritis species could be used as urease inhibitors' agents and source of antioxidants in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. K E Y W O R D S antioxidant activity, enzyme inhibitory activity, phenolic compounds, Sideritis albiflora, Sideritis leptoclada 2 of 11 | DEVECI Et al.

Assessment of the Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Antiproliferative Potential of Sideritis raeseri subps. raeseri Essential Oil

“…In a follow-up study, the acetone extracts showed the highest activity in terms of antioxidant activity of both Sideritis species, while the hexane extracts exhibited superior urease inhibitory activity. Both species were found to be rich in rosmarinic and caffeic acids [ 37 ].…”

Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities of Agropyron repens and Crataegus monogyna Species

“…The highest antioxidant activity could be connected with the highest level of total phenolic and flavonoid contents. Many previous studies have proved that there is a positive relationship between the levels of total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity (12,18). There are studies on the antioxidant properties of A. repens and C. monogyna species in the literature.…”

“…Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), urease, and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of the extracts were carried out as reported in our previous study (18). α-Amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities were screened according to the method previously reported by Deveci et al (19).…”

Anti-Colorectal Cancer Effects of Medicinal Plants: Euphorbia helioscopia, Ferula elaeochytris, and Sideritis albiflora

“…The voucher specimens have been deposited at the herbarium of Natural Products Laboratory of Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey. (Deveci et al, 2018a;Yang et al, 2021) Antioxidant, anti-diabetic, antityrosinase, anticholinesterase, and cytotoxic activities (Baykan et al, 2020;Deveci et al, 2018b;Deveci et al, 2020) Antioxidant, anti-ulcer, antidiabetic, anti-tyrosinase, and anticholinesterase activities (Askun et al, 2009;Deveci et al, 2019;Deveci et al, 2020)…”