Phenolic Compounds Isolated fromCalea unifloraLess. Promote Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects in Mice Neutrophils (Ex Vivo) and in Mice Pleurisy Model (In Vivo)

Abstract

The literature shows that phenolic compounds possess important antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities; however, the mechanism underlying these effects is not elucidated yet. The genus Calea is used in folk medicine to treat rheumatism, respiratory diseases, and digestive problems. In this context, some phenolic compounds were isolated with high purity from Calea uniflora Less. and identified as noreugenin (NRG) and α-hydroxy-butein (AH-BU). The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of these compounds on cell viability, the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO), and apoptosis of mouse neutrophils using ex vivo tests. Furthermore, the effect of these compounds on the cytokines, interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin 17A (IL-17A), and interleukin 10 (IL-10), and oxidative stress was investigated by analyzing lipid peroxidation (the concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)) and activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione S-transferase (GST), using a murine model of neutrophilic inflammation. The NRG and AH-BU reduce MPO activity and increase neutrophil apoptosis (p < 0.05). These compounds reduced the generation of oxygen reactive species and IL-1β and IL-17A levels but increased IL-10 levels (p < 0.05). This study demonstrated that NRG and AH-BU show a significant anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the MPO activity and increasing neutrophil apoptosis in primary cultures of mouse neutrophils. These effects were at least partially associated with blocking reactive species generation, inhibiting IL-1β and IL-17A, and increasing IL-10 levels.

Widely Targeted Metabolomics Analysis of Dendrobium officinale at Different Altitudes

“…Notably, we also found that among these differential compounds a phenolic acid compound, noreugein, was only present in D. officinale at low altitude, while two lipid compounds, Lyso PE20 : 4 and its isomer, were only present in D. officinale at high altitude, as shown in Figure 6. Noreugein is a phenolic acid compound known to have anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant activity and may exhibit potent anti‐inflammatory activity by inhibiting inflammatory cells (increasing neutrophil apoptosis) [40,41] . Lyso PE 20 : 4 and its isomers are poorly studied, but some studies have reported that it is a metabolite relevant to the pathogenesis of collagen‐induced arthritis [42] .…”

“…Noreugein is a phenolic acid compound known to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity and may exhibit potent antiinflammatory activity by inhibiting inflammatory cells (increasing neutrophil apoptosis). [40,41] Lyso PE 20 : 4 and its isomers are poorly studied, but some studies have reported that it is a metabolite relevant to the pathogenesis of collagen-induced arthritis. [42] However, further studies are needed.…”

Compound Bacillus alleviates diarrhea by regulating gut microbes, metabolites, and inflammatory responses in pet cats

“…The most interesting thing is that the content of eugenitol and methyl sulfate in serum metabolites of pet cats fed with compound Bacillus increased significantly compared with the control group, but no similar pattern was found in fecal metabolomics. Eugenitol has a similar structure with biflorin and noreugeninshare, which have common structures such as methylchromone with two hydroxyl groups, and they had been reported to exert anti-inflammatory effects [ 49 , 50 ]. In addition, studies have further shown that eugenitol had the effects of anti-inflammatory and antioxidants through LPS-induced BV2 cell activation experiments [ 51 ].…”