Phenolic compounds, biological activities and trace elements of Capparis ovata var. canescens

Abstract

Introduction: Capparis species (Capparaceae), also called caper, grow naturally in various regions of the world. Caper is a plant with medicinal and aromatic properties. Flower buds, root bark, and fruits of the plant are used in folk medicine due to their analgesic, wound healing, cell regeneration, tonic, and diuretic effects. Objective: The aim of this research was to evaluate in vitro (anti-urease, antioxidant, anticholinesterase) and in vivo (anti-inflammatory) biological activities of caper (C. ovata var. canescens). In addition, we aimed to identify its major phenolic compounds using high performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector (HPLC-DAD) and confirmate them using quadrupole time-of-flight liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (Q-TOF-LC/MS). Also, we quantified the concentrations of several trace and major elements in plant samples using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Methods: The antioxidant, anti-urease and anticholinesterase activities of different plant extracts were evaluated using DPPH, FRAP, ABTS/TEAC, Indophenol and Ellman tests. The identification of phenolic compounds and trace element contents was performed using HPLC and Q-TOF-LC/MS and ICP-MS. Results: Soxhlet methanol extract exhibited the strongest anti-urease, antioxidant (ABTS/TEAC) and anticholinesterase activity. Soxhlet and maceration methanol extracts demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory effect in the altered edema size after the second hour of carrageenan injection. The active phenolic compounds in Soxhlet methanol extract were identified as rutin, quercetin-hexoside-hexoside, quercetin-3-O-hexoside and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside. In addition, the average concentrations of vanadium, chromium, manganese, cobalt, copper, nickel, arsenic, selenium, zinc and lead were within the permissible limits defined by WHO for medicinal plants. However, it was found that the concentrations of cadmium and iron were higher than the maximum permissible limits. Conclusion: Our results suggest that although caper has a strong biological activity, it should be consumed carefully due to the excess amount of cadmium and iron elements it contains.

The effects of Capparis ovata seed oil on the healing of traumatic skin wounds

“…In another study to isolate and elucidate the secondary metabolites responsible for the anti-inflammatory effect of C. ovata extracts, triterpenoids isolated from C. ovata were found to be moderately potent anti-inflammatory compounds, and these secondary metabolites were considered to be promising therapeutic agents in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. [ 35 ] In a study conducted by Taşkın et al[ 36 ] to evaluate the in vitro (anti-urease, antioxidant, and anticholinesterase) and in vivo (anti-inflammatory) biological activities of caper ( C. ovata var. canescens), it was shown that although caper has a strong biological activity, it should be taken with caution because of the excess cadmium and iron it contains.…”

Complexes of Metals With Hydrazone Hydrazide Salicylic Acid

“…Optical density was measured relative to the reference at 517 nm. The ability of the extracts to trap free radicals was determined according to the previously described method [10]. The data obtained from the study were presented as IC50 = mg / ml.…”