Phenolic compound composition and antioxidant activity of fruits ofRubusandPrunusspecies from Croatia

Abstract

Two fraction, one containing flavonols, flavan-3-ols, phenolic acids and the other containing anthocyanins, were isolated from Rubus (red raspberry, blackberry) and Prunus (sweet cherry, sour cherry) fruits to study their phenol content by HPLC and antioxidant activity using the DPPH test. Raspberries and blackberries were characterised by catechins and ellagic acid derivatives; sour and sweet cherries by phenolic acids. All fruits had relatively high anthocyanin content. Anthocyanins contributed more to the antioxidant activity of all fruits (90%) than flavonols, flavan-3-ols and phenolic acids (10%). A biphasic reaction was observed between DPPH • radicals and phenols, with 'fast' and 'slow' scavenging rates which might be important in the biological activity of these fruits. Sour cherries and blackberries which stand out with the highest total phenol content (1416 and 1040 mg kg )1 ) had also the strongest antioxidant activity (EC 50 = 807 and 672 g of fruit per gram of DPPH) and can be considered as good source of dietary phenols.

Evaluation of Antioxidant Activities of Some Small Fruits Containing Anthocyanins Using Electrochemical and Chemical Methods

“…[42,43] Blackberry extract contains large amount of cyanidin-3-glucoside (peak 2; 91 %), which is also confirmed by other studies. [31,35,44,45] The bilberry extract showed a large diversity of anthocyanins and some anthocyanidins as also reported by many authors. [46][47][48] Eighteen compounds were detected at 520 nm in Romanian wild bilberry with some small differences in composition compared to our previous study.…”

“…These results are in agreement with those previously reported by others authors. [35][36][37] In raspberry extract, the main anthocyanins found were cyanidin-3-sophoroside (peak 1; 61.5 %, [M] + at m / z 611), cyanidin-3-glucoside (peak 3; 23 %) and cyanidin-3-rutinoside (peak 4; 13 %). The presence of these compounds in raspberry extract was also reported by de Ancos et al, [38] Mullen et al, [39] Chen et al [40] Six anthocyanins were detected in elderberry extract, the most important components were (a) % of total anthocyanins was estimated based on % of peak area related to total area of detected anthocyanin peaks.…”

“…High content of anthocyanins in elderberry compared to other fruits was also reported by other authors. [35,52] Total phenolics content in selected fruits extracts varied from 961 ± 6.6 mg GAE L -1 to 7735 ± 37.3 mg GAE L -1 ( Table 2). Significantly higher content of total phenolics was observed for elderberry (7735 ± 37.3 mg GAE L -1 ) and black currant (6241 ± 56.2 mg GAE L -1 ) extracts.…”

Hypoglycemic effect of white (Morus alba L.) and black (Morus nigra L.) mulberry fruits in diabetic rat

“…Total antioxidant activity in white and black mulberry fruits was determined following the method described by Jakobek et al [28]. Briefly, 0.1 mL of methanolic solution containing 0.04 to 0.20 mg of extract was mixed with 2 mL of distilled water and then 0.25 mL of 1 mM methanolic solution of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical was added.…”

Phenolics and Ascorbic Acid Related to Antioxidant Activity of MaoFruit Juice and Their Thermal Stability Study (Review Article)

“…In acidic conditions, there are four anthocyanin structures present in equilibrium: flavyliumcation, quinonoidal base, carbinol pseudobase and chalcone 71,73 . Anthocyanins can commonly be found in numerous fruits, especially various kinds of berries, their juices as well as wines 74,75,76 .…”