Phenolic Acid Content and Free Radical-Scavenging Activity of Two Differently Processed Carob Tree (&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Ceratonia siliqua&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; L.) Pod

Torun, Hülya; Ayaz, Faik Ahmet; Çolak, Nesrin; Grúz, Jiří; Strnad, Miroslav

doi:10.4236/fns.2013.45070

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…The results of preliminary phytochemical analysis indicate the important value of the pods of carob studied. Ours results are close to those obtained by Torun et al [22] . According to the study of the several authors, gallic acid is the most abundant phenolic acid in carob pods and their products [7,23,24] .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of the flavonoids extracts from pods of Ceratonia siliqua L

Ouis¹

2017

JPP

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This study was carried out to determine the phytochemical profile and antioxidant activity of the carob. The results of preliminary phytochemical assessed showed that the alkaloid bases and salts, flavones aglycones, reducing compounds, fatty acids, polyterpenes, catechin tannins, volatile oils, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, sterol glycosides and terpenes, amino acids and saponins are classes of chemical groups present in the pods of Ceratonia siliqua. The pods are characterized by 87 ± 1.0% dry matter, 55 ± 0.2% total sugars, 4 ± 0.1% proteins, 7 ± 0.4% lipids, 4 ± 0.3 ash. We has found that the pod has a 10.56 ± 0.2 Na, 0.75 ± 0.1 Zn, 0.55 ± 0.3 Cu, 41.7 ± 0.2 Mg, 210 ± 0.3 Ca and 1150 ± 0.2 mg/100g K. Pods of carob present 71.6 ± 2.10 mg/100 g of flavonoids, 56.51 ± 1.02 mg/100 g of alkaloids, 41.25 ± 1.36 mg/100 g of saponins and 1.18 ± 0.2 mg/100 g of tannins. Flavonoids fractions were extracted using organic solvents with different polarity. The ethyl acetate extract has the highest content of polyphenols and flavonoids 259.4 ± 4.2, 71.34 ± 1.08 mg EGA/g E, followed by the n-butanol extract 62.19 ± 0.13, 53.01 ± 0.11, then the crude extract 15.5 ± 0.21, 12.9 ± 0.17 and finally aqueous extract 13.39 ± 0.27, 11.13 ± 0.62. The flavonoids fractions extracted by Ethyl Acetate and n-Butanol showed the higher antioxidant capacity determined by three methods: free radical scavenging activity, reducing power and liver lipid peroxidation compared to the crude exact and aqueous extract.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of the flavonoids extracts from pods of Ceratonia siliqua L

Ouis¹

2017

JPP

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“…Beside, pulps can be frozen or lyophilized before extraction [31] or defatted [32] Kumazawa et al [3] followed by [20] extracted carob pods, crushed and dried, during 12 h in cold water (3˚C). This operation, repeated two times, eliminated monosaccharides.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Polyphenols Content in Carob Pulp from Wild and Domesticated Moroccan Trees

Bouzdoudi¹,

Ansari²,

Mangalagiu³

et al. 2016

AJPS

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Carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) fruit pulp from 12 wild and 8 domesticated trees from 15 Moroccan localities were investigated for their polyphenols contents: total polyphenols content (53.22-118.04 mg and 57.46-183.31 mg), total flavonoids (1.41-4.83 mg and 1.62-7.46 mg) and condensed tannins (1.47-7.36 mg and 1.85-6.66 mg) in one carob fresh pulp for wild and domesticated trees, respectively. Fruit pulp from trees in the same region shows variable contents in polyphenols, flavonoids and condensed tannins.

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“…Our results are high to those cited by Torun and collab. [TORUN et al 2013] . The IC50 parameter commonly employed to measure the antioxidant capacity is necessary for each essential oils to reduce 50 % of free DPPH concentration in a defined period of time, a low IC50 value corresponds to a higher antioxidant activity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the essential oils of Ceratonia siliqua

Ouis¹,

Hariri²

2018

bjbabe

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Abstract. The present study investigates the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of the pulp and the seeds of Ceratonia siliqua. Dried pods (pulp or seeds) were subject to the hydrodistillation for 3 h using a Clevenger-type apparatus. The two essential oils obtained were characterized by its physicochemical indications. Theses oils were used for the determination of the antioxidant activity by free radical scavenging activity, reducing power and liver lipid peroxidation methods and for the evaluation of the antibacterial properties against referenced tested bacteria. The oil of the pulp presents a high scavenging power of free DPPH radical 89.0 ± 1.2 % at concentration 1000 µg/mL and IC50 7.8 µg/mL compared to the seeds 79.0 ± 1.6 %, IC50 31.25 µg/mL. A significant activity for reducing iron and protection against lipid peroxidation induced by Fe +2 were obtained by the oil of the pulp. The essential oils of carob showed a good antibacterial activity against tested referenced pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Pseudomonas aerugenosa ATCC 25853 and Escerichia coli ATCC 25922.

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Phenolic Acid Content and Free Radical-Scavenging Activity of Two Differently Processed Carob Tree (<i>Ceratonia siliqua</i> L.) Pod

Cited by 13 publications

References 32 publications

Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of the flavonoids extracts from pods of Ceratonia siliqua L

Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of the flavonoids extracts from pods of Ceratonia siliqua L

Determination of Polyphenols Content in Carob Pulp from Wild and Domesticated Moroccan Trees

Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the essential oils of Ceratonia siliqua

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