Phencyclidine raises kindled seizure thresholds

Freeman, Frederick G.; Jarvis, Michael F.; Duncan, Perry M.

doi:10.1016/0091-3057(82)90062-4

Cited by 32 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“… 5 – 7 Ketamine is a noncompetitive N -methyl- d -aspartate receptor antagonist 23 that might play a role in treating seizure in status epilepticus by blocking N -methyl- d -aspartate receptor-mediated glutamatergic neurotransmission. 24 , 25 Besides, Kolesnikov et al 9 reported that ketamine could prevent morphine-induced myoclonus in mice, which is consistent with a clinical report introduced by Forero et al 10 that low-dose ketamine effectively relieved the painful myoclonus in a patient receiving long-term opioids treatment. In this study, we chose the low-dose ketamine because: low-dose ketamine has shown its capacity to prevent the painful myoclonus 10 ; low-dose ketamine administration over 30 seconds could get rid of the psychiatric symptoms induced by large doses (>2 mg/kg, IV) and rapid injection of ketamine (>40 mg/min) 26 ; low-dose ketamine premedication has been suggested to be beneficial in improving intubating condition and managing postoperative analgesia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Low-Dose Ketamine Pretreatment Reduces the Incidence and Severity of Myoclonus Induced by Etomidate

Liu

et al. 2016

Medicine

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Myoclonic movement induced by etomidate is a common but undesirable problem during general anesthesia induction. To investigate the influence of pretreatment with low-dose ketamine on the incidence and severity of myoclonus induced by etomidate, 104 patients were randomized allocated to 1 of 2 equally sized groups (n = 52) to receive either intravenous low-dose ketamine 0.5 mg/kg (group K) or an equal volume of normal saline (group S) 1 minute before induction of anesthesia with 0.3-mg/kg etomidate. The incidence and severity of myoclonus were assessed for 2 minutes after administration of etomidate. Here, we found that the incidence and intensity of myoclonus were both significantly reduced in low-dose ketamine-treated group compared with saline-treated group. The incidence of adverse effects was low and similar between groups. These results demonstrate that intravenous infusion of low-dose ketamine 0.5 mg/kg 1 minute prior to etomidate administration is effective in relieving etomidate-induced myoclonic movements during general anesthesia induction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Low-Dose Ketamine Pretreatment Reduces the Incidence and Severity of Myoclonus Induced by Etomidate

Liu

et al. 2016

Medicine

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“…Excessive excitatory transmission may also char- acterize other models of seizure proclivity with similarities to metaphit. A role for the NMDAIPCP complex has been documented in brainstem seizures of genetic models of the epilepsies (Chapman and Meldrum, 1989;Faingold et al, 1992) and in kindling (Freeman et al, 1982;Glibert, 1988;Leander et al, 1988;McNamara et al, 1988;Morimoto and Sato, 1992). This proposed commonality in excessive excitatory transmission by the NMDA/PCP receptor complex may be responsible for the similar pharmacologic profiles that characterize some of the effects of metaphit and NMDA.…”

Section: Epilepsiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Facilitation of Amygdala Kindling Development and Kindled Seizures by Metaphit

et al. 1994

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The effect of metaphit (a phencyclidine analogue with an acylating isothiocyanate) on kindling development and kindled seizures from amygdala was investigated in rats pretreated once with metaphit. Administration of a single dose of metaphit (10 or 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally i.p.) 4 h before the first electrical stimulation of the amygdala did not in itself induce seizures, but greatly facilitated development of behavioral seizures during kindling. This effect persisted throughout the whole process of electrical amygdala kindling without further dosing. In contrast, metaphit only transiently and modestly increased the growth of afterdischarge (AD) duration. In kindled rats, pretreatment with a single dose of metaphit (20 mg/kg) 8 h before the test stimulation reduced the threshold current required to elicit a stage 5 seizure and shortened the latency for bilateral forelimb clonus (BFC) without changing AD duration or BFC duration. The facilitation of kindling development and kindled seizures may be due to an excessive excitatory transmission by metaphit in the limbic seizure circuitry.

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“…Subsequently, this process induced continuously amplified neuronal hyperexcitability, leading to the development of RSE. Ketamine is a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist [16] that might play a role in treating SE by blocking NMDA receptor-mediated glutamatergic neurotransmission [17,18]. Moreover, by blocking glutamatemediated NMDA receptor-induced neurotoxicity, ketamine also exerts neuroprotection [19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ketamine for the treatment of refractory status epilepticus

Fang

Wang

2015

Seizure

120

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Status epilepticus (SE) is an acute and severe illness of the central nervous system, and prolonged SE can lead to brain damage and even death. Ketamine is a noncompetitive antagonist of glutamatergic N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. During prolonged seizures, the numbers and activities of GABA receptors gradually decrease; thus, the commonly used first-line and second-line antiepileptic drugs gradually fail. Simultaneously, the numbers and activities of glutamatergic NMDA receptors increase, often causing refractory status epilepticus (RSE) and thus providing the possibility of the use of ketamine to treat RSE. To improve the prognosis of SE, we present a narrative review of ketamine for the treatment of RSE in the extant literature. We draw the conclusion that ketamine appears to be effective and relatively safe for the control of multidrug-resistant RSE in children and adults.

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Phencyclidine raises kindled seizure thresholds

Cited by 32 publications

References 5 publications

Low-Dose Ketamine Pretreatment Reduces the Incidence and Severity of Myoclonus Induced by Etomidate

Low-Dose Ketamine Pretreatment Reduces the Incidence and Severity of Myoclonus Induced by Etomidate

Facilitation of Amygdala Kindling Development and Kindled Seizures by Metaphit

Ketamine for the treatment of refractory status epilepticus

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