Phenanthroline diimide as an organic electron-injecting material for organic light-emitting devices

Lee, Hyena; Cho, Gwijeong; Woo, Sung-Ho; Nam, Sungho; Jeong, Jaehoon; Kim, Hwajeong; Kim, Youngkyoo

doi:10.1039/c2ra20524f

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…The most prominent material approaches presented so far as efficient EILs include insulating inorganic salts, such as alkaline fluorides (LiF, CsF), quinolines (Liq, Csq), NaOH, and cesium salts (CsCl, Cs 2 CO 3 ), inorganic metal oxides, either fully oxidized (e.g., ZrO 2 , , ZnO) or substoichiometric (WO x , MoO x ), , while some organic molecules (e.g., siloles, pyridines, , phenanthrolines, etc.) with low lying LUMOs and high electron mobilities have also been used in high efficiency OLED devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

All-Organic Sulfonium Salts Acting as Efficient Solution Processed Electron Injection Layer for PLEDs

Georgiadou

Vasilopoulou

Palilis

et al. 2013

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Herein we introduce the all-organic triphenylsulfonium (TPS) salts cathode interfacial layers (CILs), deposited from their methanolic solution, as a new simple strategy for circumventing the use of unstable low work function metals and obtaining charge balance and high electroluminescence efficiency in polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs). In particular, we show that the incorporation of TPS-triflate or TPS-nonaflate at the polymer/Al interface improved substantially the luminous efficiency of the device (from 2.4 to 7.9 cd/A) and reduced the turn-on and operating voltage, whereas an up to 4-fold increase in brightness (∼11 250 cd/m(2) for TPS-triflate and ∼14 682 cd/m(2) for TPS-nonaflate compared to ∼3221 cd/m(2) for the reference device) was observed in poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-(1,4-benzo-2,1',3-thiadiazole)] (F8BT)-based PLEDs. This was mainly attributed to the favorable decrease of the electron injection barrier, as derived from the open-circuit voltage (Voc) measurements, which was also assisted by the conduction of electrons through the triphenylsulfonium salt sites. Density functional theory calculations indicated that the total energy of the anionic (reduced) form of the salt, that is, upon placing an electron to its lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, is lower than its neutral state, rendering the TPS-salts stable upon electron transfer in the solid state. Finally, the morphology optimization of the TPS-salt interlayer through controlling the processing parameters was found to be critical for achieving efficient electron injection and transport at the respective interfaces.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

All-Organic Sulfonium Salts Acting as Efficient Solution Processed Electron Injection Layer for PLEDs

Georgiadou

Vasilopoulou

Palilis

et al. 2013

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…The development of stable n-dopants has been hindered by the energy-level matching between the organic semiconductor and the dopant, since the stability is compromised by the lower IP. On the other hand, improvement of the electron injection/collection efficiency utilising the electron exchange between the nitrogen atom of organic compounds and inorganic materials has also been intensively studied [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] . Promising organic compounds include amine-containing molecules such as polyethyleneimine (PEI), which can tune the surface WF of about 1 eV by utilising both the ET from PEI to the electrode surface and the orientation of the molecular dipole of PEI 23 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Promising organic compounds include amine-containing molecules such as polyethyleneimine (PEI), which can tune the surface WF of about 1 eV by utilising both the ET from PEI to the electrode surface and the orientation of the molecular dipole of PEI 23 . Other promising organic compounds are phenanthroline (Phen) derivatives that form a coordination bond with metals such as Ag [25][26][27][28][29][30] . Yoshida 26 clarified that the high electron injection/collection efficiency at the Ag electrode/bathocuproine (BCP) interface is caused by the formation of a Ag-BCP complex.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding coordination reaction for producing stable electrode with various low work functions

Fukagawa¹,

Suzuki²,

Ito³

et al. 2020

Nat Commun

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The realisation of a cathode with various work functions (WFs) is required to maximise the potential of organic semiconductors that have various electron affinities. However, the barrier-free contact for electrons could only be achieved by using reactive materials, which significantly reduce the environmental stability of organic devices. We show that a stable electrode with various WFs can be produced by utilising the coordination reaction between several phenanthroline derivatives and the electrode. Although the low WF of the electrode realised by using reactive materials is specific to the material, the WF of the phenanthrolinemodified electrode is tunable depending on the amount of electron transfer associated with the coordination reaction. A phenanthroline-modified electrode that has a higher electron injection efficiency than lithium fluoride has been demonstrated. The observation of various WFs induced by the coordination reaction affords strategic perspectives on the development of stable cathodes unique to organic electronics.

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“…16,20,21 Tunnelling of electrons through the thin insulating BCP layer may also occur. 22 We compare the effects of LS on large area 5 Â 5 cm (active area: 0.5 cm 2 ) p-i-n PSCs fabricated with PC 61 BM or C 60 ETLs. In this work PC 61 BM is viewed as the preferred electron transport material (ETM) due to its excellent solubility in common solvents making it compatible with roll-to-roll processing, 23 as opposed to a C 60 ETL which is best formed by evaporation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Charge transfer complex formation between organic interlayers drives light-soaking in large area perovskite solar cells

Henderson,

Luke,

Bicalho

et al. 2023

Energy Environ. Sci.

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Phenanthroline diimide as an organic electron-injecting material for organic light-emitting devices

Cited by 5 publications

References 25 publications

All-Organic Sulfonium Salts Acting as Efficient Solution Processed Electron Injection Layer for PLEDs

All-Organic Sulfonium Salts Acting as Efficient Solution Processed Electron Injection Layer for PLEDs

Understanding coordination reaction for producing stable electrode with various low work functions

Charge transfer complex formation between organic interlayers drives light-soaking in large area perovskite solar cells

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