Phase transitions of multi-component fuel droplets under sub- and supercritical conditions

Numerical investigation of droplet evaporation in high-pressure dual-fuel conditions using a tabulated real-fluid model

“…) are similar to previous experimental [17,38] and numerical [19,56] studies as illustrated in Fig. 4.5.…”

“…The effect of the variation of the ambient temperature and pressure on single or multicomponent droplet evaporation has been extensively investigated in the literature [19,14,3,25], whereas, in the current study, the main focus is to monitor the methanol ambient concentration effect on the droplet evaporation characteristics at various ambient temperatures and pressures. Accordingly, the impact of the methanol ambient concentration is investigated at a higher ambient temperature and pressure (case 2 in Table 3.1) compared to the reference case condition (case 1 in Table 3.1).…”

Droplet evaporation in finite-size systems: Theoretical analysis and mesoscopic modeling

“…In the evaporation simulations, the multiphase flow field is solved by the pseudopotential CLBM [Eqs. (15) and ( 16)], while the temperature field [Eq. (17)] is solved by the finite difference method.…”

“…Deviations from the classical D 2 -Law have been frequently observed, especially in droplet evaporation experiments in confined space [13] or in numerical simulations, e.g., evaporation of nanosize droplets and/or under supercritical conditions [14,15]. Among others, one reason accounting for the deviation is that the classical D 2 -Law is established for large open systems (L/D 0 1, L is the system size), which is not always the case in laboratory conditions, while simulations are inevitably limited to finite-size systems.…”

Revisiting D2-law for the evaporation of dilute droplets

“…The D 2 -law, proposed in the seminal works of Langmuir 8 and others, 9,10 states that the surface of an evaporating droplet decreases linearly with time, at a rate fixed by the ambient properties. Although deviations from the classical D 2 -law have been observed in some peculiar conditions, e.g., for droplet sizes of the order of the mean vapor's free path, 11 trans-critical evaporation of nano/micro-droplets 12 and multi-component droplets, 13,14 a linear decrease in the droplet surface is usually observed for single-component micro/millimetric droplets. Nonetheless, recent studies on respiratory events 3,4 found that droplet lifetime may increase even 150 times as compared to Wells's estimate; although a linear decrease in the droplet surface could still be observed, the evaporation rate is found to be much lower than that predicted by the D 2 -law.…”