Phase transition enabled durable anti-icing surfaces and its DIY design

Interlaboratory Study of Ice Adhesion Using Different Techniques

“…Anti-icing surfaces, or icephobic surfaces, are a promising technique for passive ice removal and may help mitigate and avoid dangerous situations and unwanted icing in our daily life [1][2][3][4]. The most promising strategy for anti-icing surfaces is low ice adhesion surfaces, where the ice automatically detaches from the surface by its own weight or natural forces [5][6][7]. However, although the amount of research on low ice adhesion surfaces has steadily increased over the past few years [8] and record low ice adhesion strengths of below 1 kPa has been reported [9][10][11], each research group develops its own custom-built set-up for measuring ice adhesion strength [9,[12][13][14][15].…”

“…However, although the amount of research on low ice adhesion surfaces has steadily increased over the past few years [8] and record low ice adhesion strengths of below 1 kPa has been reported [9][10][11], each research group develops its own custom-built set-up for measuring ice adhesion strength [9,[12][13][14][15]. As a result, reported ice adhesion strength measurements cannot be directly compared [7,8,16,17].…”

“…The VST is very common due to its simple and economical set-up and performance, although the location of the force probe impacts the ice adhesion strength greatly [32], and the stress distribution may not be completely uniform [8,17,18]. The VST is commonly in use by several research groups [7,11,[32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39], and has been attempted as a standard for ice adhesion measurement utilizing only commercially available instruments [14]. When comparing reported ice adhesion strengths, it is also necessary to include the type of ice tested.…”

Bioinspired Superhydrophobic Progress and Recent Advances of Its Functional Application

“…3 (a) Mechanisms of anti-icing and ice-phobic surface [85] ; (b) Schematic diagram showing the regions within a water droplet where homogeneous and heterogeneous ice nucleation occurs; (c) Gibbs free energy barrier during freezing process against the ice embryo radius (Below critical size the ice embryo is metastable and above critical size the ice embryo is stable to initiate the freezing process) [86] 图 4 超疏水表面的小液滴弹跳现象 [87][88][89] Fig. 4 Droplet bouncing dynamics on superhydrophobic surface [87][88][89] 受仿生猪笼草研究的启发 [34] , 研究者构建多孔 结构水润滑层 [108][109] 以实现表面疏冰、抗冰的效果 (图 6)。其构建过程中应满足三个要求: 水润滑层液 体与外来浸润液体不相容; 水润滑层与基体的吸附 力优于外来浸润液体在其滑液面的化学亲和力; 保 证水润滑层液体可以持久地贮存在多孔结构中, 且 图 5 (a~c)冷凝液滴的自跳动行为 [94][95][96] 和(d, e)延迟结冰现象 [98][99] Fig. 5 (a-c) Self-jumping behavior of over-cooled droplets on superhydrophobic surface [94][95][96] and (d, e) freezing delay phenomena [98][99] .…”

“…提高金属的耐蚀防护能力一直是工程应用领域 亟待解决的问题, 超疏水涂层由于其超强的憎水性 特 点 , 为 解 决 该 问 题 提 供 了 创 新 性 思 路 。 基 于 Cassie-Baxter 模型 [5] 的空气层理论及其微纳结构的 毛细效应, 使得超疏水表面和腐蚀介质之间存在大 量的空气层, 这些绝缘的空气层可阻止或抑制离子 的迁移, 在金属基体与腐蚀介质之间形成阻隔屏 障。研究表明, 超疏水表面可改善腐蚀电位正向移 动, 腐蚀电流密度至少提高两个数量级, 金属的抗 耐蚀能力得到提高 [110] 。 现阶段超疏水耐蚀涂层主要 采用电化学沉积及其水热反应制备多层叠加结构、 掺杂缓蚀剂结合氟硅烷修饰的化学转化膜, 以及 采用超疏水纳米粒子固化成膜反应等方式(图 7)。 长时间暴露于腐蚀介质中引起的憎水性下降是导 无 机 材 料 学 报 第 34 卷 图 6 滑液注入式多孔界面(SLIPS)防冰 [108][109] Fig. 6 Icephobicity of slippery surface [108][109] 图 7 超疏水自修复耐蚀涂层 [111] Fig. 7 Superhydrophobic coating with self-healing and anti-corrosion properties [111] 致超疏水涂层耐蚀性衰减的主要原因, 因此, 具有 自修复性能的超疏水耐蚀涂层 [111] 将成为未来的研 究趋势。…”