Phase Transformation and Morphology of Calcium Phosphate Prepared by Electrochemical Deposition Process Through Alkali Treatment and Calcination

Chen, Hui Ting; Wang, Moo Chin; Chang, Kuo Ming; Wang, Szu Hao; Shih, Wei Jen; Li, Wong Long

doi:10.1007/s11661-013-2115-y

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The formed precipitates were weakly attached to the cathode surface via electrostatic interactions and continued to growing. 41 Gradually, the precipitates covered the cathode surface. One may worry that covering the cathode surface with CaP precipitates will increase the resistance and will corrupt the local pH and thus under constant current conditions, the cell potential would increase a lot.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrochemical Induced Calcium Phosphate Precipitation: Importance of Local pH

Yang

Song

Saakes³

et al. 2017

Environ. Sci. Technol.

209

173

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Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for living organisms and cannot be replaced or substituted. In this paper, we present a simple yet efficient membrane free electrochemical system for P removal and recovery as calcium phosphate (CaP). This method relies on in situ formation of hydroxide ions by electro mediated water reduction at a titanium cathode surface. The in situ raised pH at the cathode provides a local environment where CaP will become highly supersaturated. Therefore, homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation of CaP occurs near and at the cathode surface. Because of the local high pH, the P removal behavior is not sensitive to bulk solution pH and therefore, efficient P removal was observed in three studied bulk solutions with pH of 4.0 (56.1%), 8.2 (57.4%), and 10.0 (48.4%) after 24 h of reaction time. While P removal efficiencies are not generally affected by bulk solution pH, the chemical-physical properties of CaP solids collected on the cathode are still related to bulk solution pH, as confirmed by structure characterizations. High initial solution pH promotes the formation of more crystalline products with relatively high Ca/P molar ratio. The Ca/P molar ratio increases from 1.30 (pH 4.0) to 1.38 (pH 8.2) and further increases to 1.55 (pH 10.0). The formation of CaP precipitates was a typical crystallization process, with an amorphous phase formed at the initial stage which then transforms to the most stable crystal phase, hydroxyapatite, which is inferred from the increased Ca/P molar ratio from 1.38 (day 1) to the theoretical 1.76 (day 11) and by the formation of needle-like crystals. Finally, we demonstrated the efficiency of this system for real wastewater. This, together with the fact that the electrochemical method can work at low bulk pH, without dosing chemicals and a need for a separation process, highlights the potential application of the electrochemical method for P removal and recovery.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These then promote the growth and precipitation of precursor phases of HAP. The formed precipitates were weakly attached to the cathode surface via electrostatic interactions and continued to growing . Gradually, the precipitates covered the cathode surface.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Induced Calcium Phosphate Precipitation: Importance of Local pH

Yang

Song

Saakes³

et al. 2017

Environ. Sci. Technol.

209

173

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Employing high pressure during electrodeposition increased the size of deposited crystals. A reduced pressure facilitated in removal of H 2 bubbles from the cathode thus circumventing in the formation of weak coatings 246 . Substrate modification and pretreatment improves the overall coating characteristics 247 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A reduced pressure facilitated removal of H 2 bubbles from the cathode thus circumventing the formation of weak coatings. 246 Substrate modification and pretreatment improved the overall coating characteristics. 247 The rate of growth and adhesion to the substrate increased when TiO 2 NTs were employed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydroxyapatite coatings: a critical review on electrodeposition parametric variations influencing crystal facet orientation towards enhanced electrochemical sensing

et al. 2022

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“…The formed precipitates were weakly attached to the cathode surface via electrostatic interactions and continued to grow [77]. Gradually, the precipitates covered the cathode surface.…”

Section: Crystallization Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical phosphorus removal and recovery

Lei¹

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Phase Transformation and Morphology of Calcium Phosphate Prepared by Electrochemical Deposition Process Through Alkali Treatment and Calcination

Cited by 11 publications

References 37 publications

Electrochemical Induced Calcium Phosphate Precipitation: Importance of Local pH

Electrochemical Induced Calcium Phosphate Precipitation: Importance of Local pH

Hydroxyapatite coatings: a critical review on electrodeposition parametric variations influencing crystal facet orientation towards enhanced electrochemical sensing

Electrochemical phosphorus removal and recovery

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