Phase-space measurement for depth-resolved memory-effect imaging

Abstract

Random scattering of light by a turbid layer prevents conventional imaging of objects hidden behind it. Angular correlations in the scattered light, created by the so-called optical memory effect, have been shown to enable computational image retrieval of hidden sources. However, basic memory-effect imaging contains no spatial (x) information, as only angular (k-space) measurements are made. Here, we use windowed Fourier transforms to record scattered-light images in the full {x,k} phase space. The result is the ability to discriminate size and depth of individual sources that are hidden behind a thin scattering layer.

Translation correlations in anisotropically scattering media

“…still expect 80% of the field correlations present at the surface of an equivalent slab with thickness t. Thus, our results pave the way for extending memory-effectbased imaging methods [20][21][22][23][24][25][26] to also work inside biological tissue. On the basis of our measurements, we expect such methods to achieve diffraction-limited resolution at a depth of 1 mm inside muscle tissue, albeit at a limited FOV of <10 µm, initially.…”

“…The traditional (tilt/tilt) memory effect has recently enabled the development of several modalities to image through scattering 'walls' [20][21][22][23][24][25][26] . Intriguing as these methods are, they suffer from two limitations: the sample should be thin, and the object should be placed at a distance behind the sample.…”

“…The memory effect has found numerous applications for point scanning 23,24 , direct image transfer 20 and for computational image recovery 21,22,25,26 . Yet, in all of these applications, the target plane was at a distance from a thin diffuser with free space in between (s > 0)-which has limited use for imaging inside thick scattering media.…”

Non-invasive imaging through opaque scattering layers

“…Since our original paper on imaging through a scattering layer 22 several variations on our method were proposed and demonstrated, [23][24][25] but all ultimately rely on the relationship between the measured quantity I I with…”

Angular Memory Effect of Transmission Eigenchannels

“…A paradigm shift in recent years is harnessing multiply-scattered or diffused light for imaging applications [5][6][7][8][9][10]. The key ingredient that enabled this strategic shift is the hidden correlations of seemingly random speckles formed by interference of scattered light [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. Quite remarkably, such correlations have been both predicted and observed in the angular, spectral, spatial, and temporal domains [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38].…”