Phase size/composition dependence in immiscible blends: Experimental and theoretical considerations

Favis, Basil D.; Willis, J. M.

doi:10.1002/polb.1990.090281208

Cited by 156 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In the PET rec /EMA/EMA-GMA compatibilized blend, it was observed an efficient interfacial adhesion, in which the fracture of the EMA particle was visualized in Figure 5 (f), maintaining the PET rec /EMA interface intact. Figure 6 shows an increasing EMA concentration in the PET rec /EMA blend, where there was an increase in the size of EMA particles up to 20 wt% EMA composition due to the low surface energy, and hence high surface tension, which ensured low wetting of one phase in the other, favoring coalescence 30 . The compatibilized PET rec /EMA/EMA-GMA blend with 25 wt% of EMA and 5 wt% of EMA-GMA ( Figure 6) showed smaller particle size compared to its corresponding PET rec /EMA blend with 30 wt% of EMA, and the reduction in particle size was due to the presence of EMA-GMA compatibilizer.…”

Section: Scanning Electron Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheological, Morphological and Mechanical Characterization of Recycled Poly (Ethylene Terephthalate) Blends and Composites

et al. 2017

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This study evaluated the effect of adding poly (ethylene methyl acrylate) (EMA) and cotton linter (CL) on the properties of recycled poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET rec ). For this, PET rec /EMA blend and PET rec /EMA/CL composite were developed. In order to improve the interfacial adhesion and the properties of these materials, ethylene/methyl acrylate/glycidyl methacrylate terpolymer (EMA-GMA) and polyethylene-grafted maleic anhydride (PE-g-MAH) were added. The rheological results showed that the addition of EMA increased and the addition of 1 wt% of CL reduced the viscosity. The morphological analysis of the non-compatibilized blend and composite showed poor interfacial adhesion. Polymer blends with 2 and 6 wt% of EMA had better mechanical properties, since these formulations have the smallest average particle diameter of 0.58 and 1.00 µm, respectively. The mechanical testing of composites showed a material with higher maximum strength and elasticity modulus than polymer blend when analyzed at the same EMA phase concentration. The use of EMA-GMA was effective in reducing the size of particles of the EMA in the blend.

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Section: Scanning Electron Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheological, Morphological and Mechanical Characterization of Recycled Poly (Ethylene Terephthalate) Blends and Composites

et al. 2017

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“…Acid groups (25,50 and 100%) of the poly(MMA-co-AA) copolymer were neutralized by zinc acetate, and the copolymers were designated as PZn25, PZn50 and PZn100, respectively (the zinc carboxylate content being then 0.7, 1.4 and 2.8 mol%).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although this modification of the PC/PVDF interface by PMMA has a favorable effect on both the interfacial tension and the interfacial adhesion, further improvement of this situation is expected to result from the interfacial formation of a graft copolymer between PC and PMMA. Block and graft copolymers at polyblend interface are indeed known to improve the interfacial adhesion and to inhibit phase coalescence [24][25][26].…”

Section: Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive compatibilization of PC/PVDF polymer blends by zinc carboxylate containing poly(methylmethacrylate) ionomers

Moussaif¹,

Pagnoulle²,

Jérôme³

2000

Polymer

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Polycarbonate (PC) has been reacted with a random copolymer of methylmethacrylate and 6 mol% of acrylic acid (poly(MMA-co-AA)) and with this copolymer neutralized (totally or not) by Zn cations. When conducted in solution at 240°C, the reaction leads to the grafting of PC onto the copolymer neutralized or not. In the melt at 235°C, the grafting reaction occurs only when the copolymer is at least partly neutralized. Whatever the experimental conditions (solution or bulk), PMMA does not react with PC, which confirms that the acidolysis of PC is at the origin of the grafting reaction.Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and PC have been melt blended at 235°C in the presence of the poly(MMAco-AA) copolymer totally neutralized or not by Zn cations, the purpose being the reactive formation of PMMAg-PC copolymer that would act as compatibilizer for the PC/PVDF blend. The phase morphology and the mechanical properties of the compatibilized PC/PVDF blends have been compared with the parent non-reactive polyblends. Compared to the modification of PVDF by 20 wt% of PMMA, the use of 20 wt% of the partly neutralized poly(MMA-co-AA) copolymer decreases further the average size of the dispersed phase, enhances its adhesion to the matrix, and results in a considerable increase of the elongation at break. The beneficial effect of zinc carboxylate in the PMMA copolymer is explained by the grafting of PC onto PMMA at the interface.

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“…This morphology depends on the interfacial tension, among other parameters 1 . Favis and Willis 2 have pointed out that the morphology of immiscible polymer blends seems to be controlled by the following parameters, in order of importance: interfacial tension > viscosity ratio > shear stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interfacial tension of PBT/SAN blends by the drop retraction method

et al. 2008

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The aim of this work was to evaluate the interfacial tension from the poly(butylene terephtalate) and poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (PBT/SAN) interface region using the drop retraction method. SAN filaments were sandwiched between two PBT films; the whole system was heated up to 240 °C, in a hot stage coupled to an optical microscope. The rheological parameters of the PBT/SAN system were obtained by parallel plates rheometry. An increase of the interfacial tension with the PBT molecular weight was observed with values between 0.57 and 1.06 mN/m, depending on the molecular weight. Theoretical values were calculated using the geometric-mean and harmonic-mean equations and were found to be similar to the experimental results. Viscosity measurements showed that the higher the SAN/PBT viscosity ratio, the lower the interfacial tension of these blends.

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Phase size/composition dependence in immiscible blends: Experimental and theoretical considerations

Cited by 156 publications

References 31 publications

Rheological, Morphological and Mechanical Characterization of Recycled Poly (Ethylene Terephthalate) Blends and Composites

Rheological, Morphological and Mechanical Characterization of Recycled Poly (Ethylene Terephthalate) Blends and Composites

Reactive compatibilization of PC/PVDF polymer blends by zinc carboxylate containing poly(methylmethacrylate) ionomers

Interfacial tension of PBT/SAN blends by the drop retraction method

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