Phase-sensitive optical amplifier

Matthys, Donald R.; Jaynes, E. T.

doi:10.1364/josa.70.000263

Cited by 26 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…There have been numerous attempts to construct other, more satisfactory phase operators [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13], and we mention particularly the recent extensive work of Pegg and Barnett [9][10][11], A few experiments [14][15][16] were also reported in which phase differences and their fluctuations were measured as a function of average photon number, and attempts were made to test some of the definitions against experiments [17][18][19][20][21], but no clear conclusion emerged.…”

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confidence: 99%

Measurement of the quantum phase by photon counting

1991

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We address the problem of identifying the dynamical variables representing the phase of a quantum field by analyzing what is measured in two simple homodyne experiments. This leads us to identify operators CM.SM corresponding to the measured cosine and sine of the phase difference. The predictions of the theory are tested in an experiment in which the input fields are derived from a highly stable He:Ne laser. Photon-counting measurements extending from mean photon numbers 30 down to 10"" show good agreement between theory and experiment. The implications for identifying the "correct" phase operator are briefly discussed. PACS numbers: 42.50.Wm, 03.65.Bz sinlThe question of which is the proper dynamical variable corresponding to the phase of a quantum field has been the subject of discussion and controversy for a long time. The problem appeared to be solved by the introduction of two Hermitian dynamical variables analogous to the sine and cosine of the phase [1,2], but as the two variables do not commute, this has tended to be regarded as an unsatisfactory solution.There have been numerous attempts to construct other, more satisfactory phase operators [3-13], and we mention particularly the recent extensive work of Pegg and Barnett [9-11], A few experiments [14][15][16] were also reported in which phase differences and their fluctuations were measured as a function of average photon number, and attempts were made to test some of the definitions against experiments [17][18][19][20][21], but no clear conclusion emerged.We have approached the phase problem in a diff'erent, more operational way, by analyzing what is actually measured in a typical homodyne experiment to determine the phase diff'erence between two fields, both in classical and in quantum optics [22]. This leads to different dynamical variables CM^SM representing the cosine and sine of the measured phase difference for different experiments. We examine two measurement schemes for extracting the phase, which have been considered before [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. For comparison we then present the results of experiments in which the phase difference between two coherent fields is measured for mean detected photon numbers im) ranging from =30 down to = 10~l This range extends more than 2 orders of magnitude beyond that of previously reported phase measurements.Classical theory.-Measurements of the phase difference between two light beams are generally based on some kind of interference or homodyne (or heterodyne) experiment like that shown in Fig. 1. Two incoming light beams are mixed by a 50:50 beam splitter BS, resulting in mixed signals of intensities hJ^ emerging from the two exit ports. The numbers of photoelectric pulses mj^m^ detected by two similar photodetectors D3,D4 of quantum efficiency a in some counting time interval T are registered. When the numbers rrij are large, they are representative of the integrated light intensity Wj 1426 © 1991 The American Physical Society ^aSl^^Ij{t')dt' 0=3,4). Within the domain of classical optics ...

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Measurement of the quantum phase by photon counting

1991

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“…Other approaches that do not require the definition of a Hermitian phase operator have also been proposed [4 -6]. The weak-field regime is of fundamental interest because it is here that interesting quantum-mechanical effects can most easily be studied, such as the uncertainty principle applied to phase and photon-number variables Despite this interest, there have been few experimental attempts to measure the phase of fields with small photon number [6,8,9]. Early measurements of phase were carried out by Gerhardt, Buchler, and Litfin, who measured the phase of a coherent state with as few as three photons [8].…”

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Experimental determination of quantum-phase distributions using optical homodyne tomography

1993

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From the experimental measurement of probability distributions of quadrature-field amplitudes, followed by numerical inversion (optical homodyne tomography), we have determined distributions and/or moments of the optical phase of small-photon-number fields for several definitions of the phase variable, including those based on Hermitian operators and on quasiprobability distributions. These measurements were performed on a vacuum field, and a weakly squeezed field. It is found that each definition of phase yields di6'erent distributions and/or moments for the experimental data. In addition, all of the experimentally determined quantities agree with the corresponding theoretical predictions.PACS number(s): 42.50.Wm, 03.65. Bz, 42.50.Dv

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“…This research intends to show an attempt of carrier recovery. The relevant applications are phase synchronization for phase regeneration [3], [4], phase sensitive amplification [3], [7] and homodyne receivers [8], [9].…”

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Modeling of optical carrier recovery using four wave mixing technique for binary phase shift keying systems

Malasinghe

Weerasuriya

2015

2015 Moratuwa Engineering Research Conference (MERCon)

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Modern communication networks uses optical fibre extensively. The transport networks are upgrading its capacity continuously to provide the bandwidth requirement of the customer requirements. To provide such an increase in bandwidth, the transmission networks are moving from Amplitude Shift Keying modulation methods to Phase Shift Keying methods. In phase shift keying systems, data reception and regeneration required phase synchronization. This requires original optical carrier phase information. In this paper, we report a model for optical carrier recovery for optical synchronization of a Binary Phase Shift Keying input by exploiting Four Wave Mixing in Highly Non-Linear Fibers. The noise influence from the signal laser for the recovered carrier was analyzed.

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Phase-sensitive optical amplifier

Cited by 26 publications

References 6 publications

Measurement of the quantum phase by photon counting

Measurement of the quantum phase by photon counting

Experimental determination of quantum-phase distributions using optical homodyne tomography

Modeling of optical carrier recovery using four wave mixing technique for binary phase shift keying systems

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