“…Apart from laser pulse length, future studies should also involve tailoring educt material and solvent to find an ideal chemical environment for BFO synthesis. For example, in pulsed laser deposition (PLD) of BFO thin films it is customary to use a slightly super-stoichiometric BFO to cope with the volatility of bismuth and to tightly control oxygen partial pressure [33][34][35]. In our study we found a too low bismuth content of the smallest particles, which may be counteracted by increasing bismuth content in the educt material.…”
Laser fragmentation of colloidal submicron-sized bismuth ferrite particles was performed by irradiating a liquid jet to synthesize bismuth ferrite nanoparticles. This treatment achieved a size reduction from 450 nm to below 10 nm. A circular and an elliptical fluid jet were compared to control the energy distribution within the fluid jet and thereby the product size distribution and educt decomposition. The resulting colloids were analysed via UV-VIS, XRD and TEM. All methods were used to gain information on size distribution, material morphology and composition. It was found that using an elliptical liquid jet during the laser fragmentation leads to a slightly smaller and narrower size distribution of the resulting product compared to the circular jet.
“…Apart from laser pulse length, future studies should also involve tailoring educt material and solvent to find an ideal chemical environment for BFO synthesis. For example, in pulsed laser deposition (PLD) of BFO thin films it is customary to use a slightly super-stoichiometric BFO to cope with the volatility of bismuth and to tightly control oxygen partial pressure [33][34][35]. In our study we found a too low bismuth content of the smallest particles, which may be counteracted by increasing bismuth content in the educt material.…”
Laser fragmentation of colloidal submicron-sized bismuth ferrite particles was performed by irradiating a liquid jet to synthesize bismuth ferrite nanoparticles. This treatment achieved a size reduction from 450 nm to below 10 nm. A circular and an elliptical fluid jet were compared to control the energy distribution within the fluid jet and thereby the product size distribution and educt decomposition. The resulting colloids were analysed via UV-VIS, XRD and TEM. All methods were used to gain information on size distribution, material morphology and composition. It was found that using an elliptical liquid jet during the laser fragmentation leads to a slightly smaller and narrower size distribution of the resulting product compared to the circular jet.
“…This is due to size effects in BFO thin films and ceramics [ 21 , 22 , 23 ]. Like most polymers, polyimide is able to interact with atomic or ionized oxygen [ 24 ]. An existing research [ 25 ] reported the use of silica films which act as a protective layer to prevent degradation of the polyimide film.…”
The paper considers how a film of bismuth ferrite BiFeO3 (BFO) is formed on a polymeric flexible polyimide substrate at low temperature ALD (250 °C). Two samples of BFO/Polyimide with different thicknesses (42 nm, 77 nm) were studied. As the thickness increases, a crystalline BFO phase with magnetic and electrical properties inherent to a multiferroic is observed. An increase in the film thickness promotes clustering. The competition between the magnetic and electrical subsystems creates an anomalous behavior of the magnetization at a temperature of 200 K. This property is probably related to the multiferroic/polymer interface. This paper explores the prerequisites for the low-temperature growth of BFO films on organic materials as promising structural components for flexible and quantum electronics.
“…a transition temperature T C of 1103 K, beyond which it loses the spontaneous polarization. Further, BFO shows weak ferromagnetism due to the partially filled d orbital of iron atoms at room temperature (T N = 647 K) and G type anti ferromagnetism at well above room temperature [1,[9][10][11].…”
BiFeO 3 (BFO) has been widely investigated in many forms and morphologies because of its combined multiferroic and photovoltaic properties. However, direct growth of vertically aligned BFO nanorods on an underlying substrate has remained a challenge. In this work, we report template free growth of BiFeO 3 nanorod arrays on fluorine doped tin oxide coated glass substrate. This has been achieved by a two-step process, in which FeOOH nanorods are grown by chemical bath deposition and converted into BFO using bismuth (Bi) coating by physical vapour deposition (PVD). Both DC sputtering and thermal evaporation are attempted under PVD and the results suggest that Bi deposited by DC sputtering leads to well-defined BFO nanorods, which show superior performance in both multiferroic and photoelectrochemical studies. Piezoelectric force microscopy data shows the signature butterfly loop that confirms piezoelectric behaviour with a d 33 value of 8 pmV −1 in the BFO nanorods grown by DC sputtering. Further, the M-H hysteresis curve for the same samples reveals a remanent magnetization (M r ) value of 0.54 emu cc −1 and antiferromagnetic nature at room temperature. Finally, a stable photocurrent density of 0.05 mA cm −2 is achieved at 0.8 V vs Ag/AgCl under 1 Sun illumination. This work opens up new avenues for BFO in applications involving 1D nanostructures.
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