Phase, pressure and velocity evolution and atomization characteristics of multiple Faraday waves in ultrasonic atomization: experiments and simulations

New-Insights into the Mechanism of Ultrasonic Atomization for the Production of Metal Powders in Additive Manufacturing

“…It was not possible to determine the exact threshold thickness in this case. However, the threshold thickness for atomization in case of water at 20 kHz has been found to be almost 50 μm [50].…”

Investigation of electrostatic-assisted ultrasonic atomization and spraying

“…That is to say, after the introduction of static electricity, an extra electric eld force is added to the atomization process to assist the droplet to separate from the large droplet. The evolution of capillary waves is essentially a process of storage and consumption of kinetic energy, which is then converted into pressure potential energy, and nally into surface energy and kinetic energy of the droplet [11]. The introduction of static electricity increases the potential energy which is converted into the kinetic energy of the droplet, making it easier for the droplet to escape from the Faraday wave.…”

“…These changes indicate that the droplet size distribution is wider at a high ow rate. The velocity may have reached the critical velocity above Qcrit (the minimum ow rate and critical velocity required to fully wet the atomized surface) [11], when the velocity reaches the critical velocity, the thickness of the liquid lm exceeds the minimum thickness, and the thickness of the liquid lm increases with the increase of the velocity. However, as can be seen from Fig.…”

“…(2) The role of static electricity in capillary pinch mechanism and Rayleigh-plain instability Rayleigh-plain instability and capillary pinch mechanism are important mechanisms of liquid atomization into small droplets [11] (due to the fact that cavitation is not the main factor in the atomization process, this article will not consider it), the difference between Rayleigh-plain instability evolution and capillary pinch is that the Faraday wave of the former will signi cantly decrease the crosssectional area at multiple locations after the ligament is elongated, and the number of dropped droplets will be no less than one, while for the latter, the number of dropped droplets will be one due to the decrease of cross-sectional area at only one location of the ligament.…”

“…Ultrasonic atomization is a process in which liquid is dispersed into small droplets under the action of high-frequency vibration (f > 20 kHz) and dispersed into the air or on the surface of an object [1] [2], it has been widely used in various elds such as fuel combustion [3], new energy [4], spray drying [5] and inkjet printing [6]. There are many methods for liquid atomization [7][8] [9], such as multiphase ow atomization [10], and ultrasonic atomization [11]. Compared with other methods, ultrasonic atomization has the unique advantages of high atomization uniformity, high material utilization rate, and high economic bene ts.…”