“…These tumor cells are typically irradiated, combined with an immunostimulatory adjuvant (e.g., BCG), and then administered to the individual from whom the tumor cells were isolated (Berger et al, 2007; Harris et al, 2000; Maver and McKneally, 1979; Schulof et al, 1988). Autologous tumor cell vaccines have been tested in various cancers, including lung cancer (Nemunaitis, 2003; Ruttinger et al, 2007; Schulof et al, 1988), colorectal cancer (de Weger et al, 2012; Hanna et al, 2001; Harris et al, 2000; Ockert et al, 1996), melanoma (Baars et al, 2002; Berd et al, 1990; Mendez et al, 2007), renal cell cancer (Antonia et al, 2002; Fishman et al, 2008; Kinoshita et al, 2001) and prostate cancer (Berger et al, 2007). One major advantage of whole tumor cell vaccines is its potential to present the entire spectrum of tumor-associated antigens to the patient's immune system.…”