Phase equilibrium measurements of ternary systems formed by linoleic and linolenic acids in carbon dioxide/ethanol mixtures

Phase behaviour of the ternary system {poly(ε-caprolactone)+carbon dioxide+dichloromethane}

“…The experimental apparatus and procedure have been described in detail in a variety of studies [18][19][20][21][22][23] and was extensively validated [24][25][26][27]. The polymer concentrations used in this work (1, 3, 5, and 7) wt%, were adopted so as to allow safe and accurate phase equilibrium measurements within the operating limit of the present apparatus.…”

Phase equilibrium measurements and modelling of ternary system (carbon dioxide+ethanol+palmitic acid)

“…The experimental apparatus and procedure have been used in a variety of studies [11,[16][17]. Briefly, the experimental set-up consists of a variable-volume view cell, with a maximum internal volume of 27 cm 3 , with two sapphire windows for visual observation, an absolute pressure transducer (LD 301, Smar, Sertãozinho, SP, Brazil), with a precision of ±0.03 MPa, a portable programmer (HT 201, Smar, Sertãozinho, SP, Brazil) for the pressure data acquisition and a syringe pump (260 D, ISCO, Lincon, NE, USA).…”

“…This ratio was defined based on preliminary assays [11] in order to guarantee adequate solubilisation of the palmitic acid and provide proper visualization of the phase transition.…”

“…Several vegetable oil extracts such as those from cotton seed, sesame seed, sunflower, olive, and maize [9], and also from banana peel [10][11], among others, contain polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid and palmitic acid, respectively. The polyunsaturated fatty acids are well known to present benefits in reducing the risk of diseases [12] like cancer and heart illnesses.…”

“…According to Rosso et al [11], palmitic acid was detected by gas chromatographic analysis in banana peel oil, extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide. The authors reported a relative concentration of 34% of palmitic acid, expressed in terms of peak area percentage, according to the analytical conditions used for the extract.…”