Phase Equilibria of Binary and Ternary Systems Containing ILs, Dodecane, and Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acid

(Liquid + liquid) equilibria for mixtures of dodecane and ethanol with alkylsulfate-based ionic liquids

“…As the alkyl-chain length of the ionic liquid cation increases from n = (1 to 4), so did the solubility of the dodecane in the IL-rich phase. This had been observed by Ab Manan et al [19]. This is to be expected considering that the van der Waals interactions between the lipophilic alkyl-chains of the cation and dodecane is likely to increase with increasing alkyl-chain length.…”

Measurement and PC-SAFT modelling of three-phase behaviour

“…S1) their data at 298.15 K and compared them with the solubilities of water in [C 10 mim][NTf 2 ] and [C 12 mim][NTf 2 ] measured in this work, and a perfect match can be observed. 11 Solubility of n-dodecane in the ILs increases with temperature. The same behaviour has been found for 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium ILs with the [BF 4 ] À anion, for alkyl chains in the range n = 6-10.…”

“…Two ILs have been selected for which experimental LLE data were measured and compared with PC-SAFT predictions: 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, [C 10 mim][NTf 2 ], and 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, [C 12 mim][NTf 2 ]. Due to the immiscibility of these imidazoliumbased ILs with water and n-dodecane, 10,11 the corresponding ternary systems are classified as Treybal Type III, potentially containing a three-liquid phase region. Moreover, both ILs have one long alkyl side chain attached to the charged head-group of the IL-cation, therefore being amphiphiles and potential surfactants.…”

Esterification of naphthenic acids with various structures over tungstophosphoric acid-intercalated layer double hydroxide catalysts with various interlayer spacings

“…The esterification kinetics over Mg 2 Al-PW-1 and Mg 2 Al-PW-12 were studied using CHCA as a model compound because CHCA represents closely the NAs in petroleum fractions due to its representative structural features (Zhang et al, 2006(Zhang et al, , 2016Manan et al, 2012) and because it is less reactive than other NAs, as shown in Table 1. Kinetics studies of the model compound (which is difficult to handle) would offer useful information for understanding the catalyst's behaviour and for designing the actual industrial process (Krishnamoorthy et al, 1998;Kaisalo et al, 2016).…”