Phase diagrams of the systems Li2ZnCl4-Na2ZnCl4 Li2ZnCl4Li2MnCl4. The spinel—olivine phase transition of Li2ZnCl4

Lutz, H. D.; Steiner, H.‐J.

doi:10.1016/0040-6031(92)87019-7

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…8 The Raman spectra were also measured in a range of temperatures to illustrate the structural variation. [9][10][11][12][13] Naturally, conjunction of these two techniques was suggested. 6 Raman spectra and TGA were measured simultaneously on NH 4 -NO 3 for identifying the changes in structures.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Decomposition of CaC₂O₄·H₂O Studied by Thermo-Raman Spectroscopy with TGA/DTA

Chang

Pei

1997

Anal. Chem.

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The advantage of Raman spectroscopy is that it can be used to identify structure. In this work, Raman spectra of CaC 2 O 4 ‚H 2 O, a calibration standard for thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA), were taken or monitored continuously in a thermal process from 25 to 750 °C with a heating rate 4 °C min -1 , similar to that in TGA/DTA. The variation in Raman spectra for three structural transformations was found to be consistent with those in TGA/DTA. Furthermore, minor changes in spectra indicated the phase transformations of CaC 2 O 4 ‚H 2 O, CaC 2 O 4 , and CaCO 3 . Other features of the Raman spectra, the intensities of the representative bands, the derivative variation of the band intensities, the band positions, and even the background, showed some potential for application in the thermal analysis. Both the advantages and the disadvantages of thermo-Raman spectroscopy for thermal analysis were discussed in detail.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Decomposition of CaC₂O₄·H₂O Studied by Thermo-Raman Spectroscopy with TGA/DTA

Chang

Pei

1997

Anal. Chem.

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“…matched the characteristic peaks of ZnCl2-KCl-NaCl [32,33]; those at 566 and 650 cm approached the characteristic peaks of ZnO [34]; and those at 983 and 1008 cm −1 corresponded to the characteristic peaks of FeO-ZnO [35].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…The peaks at 1350, 1590, and 2692 cm −1 were assigned to graphite [30,31]; those at 220, 291, 333, and 403 cm −1 The Raman spectra of the coagulum are illustrated in Figure 8. The peaks at 1350, 1590, and 2692 cm −1 were assigned to graphite [30,31]; those at 220, 291, 333, and 403 cm −1 matched the characteristic peaks of ZnCl 2 -KCl-NaCl [32,33]; those at 566 and 650 cm −1 approached the characteristic peaks of ZnO [34]; and those at 983 and 1008 cm −1 corresponded to the characteristic peaks of FeO-ZnO [35].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Coupled Thermodynamics and Phase Diagram Analysis of Gas-Duct Concretion Formation in Pyro-Processing Ironmaking and Steelmaking Dust

Wang

Hua

et al. 2021

Minerals

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In recent years, the steel industry has accumulated approximately 100 million tons of dust annually, severely threatening the environment. Rotary kiln technology is one of the main industrial methods used to process this dust. However, some substances in flue gas congeal on the cooling wall of the gas duct and seriously affect production. In this study, the properties and formation mechanisms of the coagulum were investigated on the basis of experimental and thermodynamic analyses. The experimental results showed that the coagulum is mainly composed of chlorides (KCl, NaCl, and ZnCl2), oxides (ZnO, FeO), and carbon, with three structures: lumps, fibers, and particles. Based on a thermodynamic analysis, a reasonable explanation was proposed to clarify the formation mechanism. The liquid phase (a eutectic system of KCl–NaCl–ZnCl2), dendrites (KCl, NaCl), and particles (ZnO, FeO, C) were found to act as binders, stiffeners, and aggregates in the coagulum, respectively, constituting a composite structure. Liquids acting as binders are essential for coagulum formation, and dendrites and particles strengthen this effect. Furthermore, the eutectic system of chlorides plays a crucial role in coagulum formation. The results of the present study offer a theoretical understanding of gas-duct coagulation and will provide guidance for adopting alleviation measures.

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“…The high temperature solid‐state synthesis mainly yields a metastable olivine‐type structure, while a low‐temperature spinel‐type structure coexists. [ 116 ] A possibility to obtain the pure spinel is to anneal the mixture for a few weeks at a low temperatures. [ 116 ] By contrast, preparation by a mechanochemical route results in the formation of solely the low temperature spinel‐type modification within a fraction of synthetic time.…”

Section: The Beneficial or Detrimental Influence Of Mechanochemistry In Solid Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 116 ] A possibility to obtain the pure spinel is to anneal the mixture for a few weeks at a low temperatures. [ 116 ] By contrast, preparation by a mechanochemical route results in the formation of solely the low temperature spinel‐type modification within a fraction of synthetic time. [ 115 ] Clearly, the reaction processes by heating in the ampoule and by momentum transfer in the mill are fundamentally different and can result in different polymorphs of materials.…”

Section: The Beneficial or Detrimental Influence Of Mechanochemistry In Solid Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Storage Materials for Solid‐State Batteries: Design by Mechanochemistry

Schlem

Burmeister

Michalowski

et al. 2021

Advanced Energy Materials

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Commercialization of solid‐state batteries requires the upscaling of the material syntheses as well as the mixing of electrode composites containing the solid electrolyte, cathode active materials, binders, and conductive additives. Inspired by recent literature about the tremendous influence of the employed milling and dispersing procedure on the resulting ionic transport properties of solid ionic conductors and the general performance of all solid‐state batteries, in this review, the underlying physical and mechanochemical processes that influence this processing are discussed. By discussing and combining the theoretical backgrounds of mechanical milling with regard to mechanochemical synthesis and dispersing of particles together with a wide range of examples, a better understanding of the critical parameters attached to mechanical milling of solid electrolytes and solid‐state battery components is provided.

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Phase diagrams of the systems Li2ZnCl4-Na2ZnCl4 Li2ZnCl4Li2MnCl4. The spinel—olivine phase transition of Li2ZnCl4

Cited by 7 publications

References 12 publications

Thermal Decomposition of CaC₂O₄·H₂O Studied by Thermo-Raman Spectroscopy with TGA/DTA

Thermal Decomposition of CaC₂O₄·H₂O Studied by Thermo-Raman Spectroscopy with TGA/DTA

Coupled Thermodynamics and Phase Diagram Analysis of Gas-Duct Concretion Formation in Pyro-Processing Ironmaking and Steelmaking Dust

Energy Storage Materials for Solid‐State Batteries: Design by Mechanochemistry

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Phase diagrams of the systems Li2ZnCl4-Na2ZnCl4 Li2ZnCl4Li2MnCl4. The spinel—olivine phase transition of Li2ZnCl4

Cited by 7 publications

References 12 publications

Thermal Decomposition of CaC2O4·H2O Studied by Thermo-Raman Spectroscopy with TGA/DTA

Thermal Decomposition of CaC2O4·H2O Studied by Thermo-Raman Spectroscopy with TGA/DTA

Coupled Thermodynamics and Phase Diagram Analysis of Gas-Duct Concretion Formation in Pyro-Processing Ironmaking and Steelmaking Dust

Energy Storage Materials for Solid‐State Batteries: Design by Mechanochemistry

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Thermal Decomposition of CaC₂O₄·H₂O Studied by Thermo-Raman Spectroscopy with TGA/DTA

Thermal Decomposition of CaC₂O₄·H₂O Studied by Thermo-Raman Spectroscopy with TGA/DTA