Phase Diagram and Membrane Desalination

Abstract

Desalination technologies have made a significant impact in seawater and brackish water desalination. Recently, the evolution of membrane development has improved performance to lower operating costs and membranes have become the preferred technology for water desalination. Fortunately, different raw materials can be used for preparing membrane sheets which include either organic or inorganic materials, such as cellulose acetate, polyamide, polyimide, ceramic, natural, or artificial polymers. On the one hand, as a result of the variety of the raw materials which already exist in the entire world, different membrane separation processes might be applied dependent on the nature of the membrane sheet and the requirements of treatment process. On the other hand, there are different types of membranes can be used for membrane desalination by using different technologies such as reverse osmosis (RO), membrane distillation (MD), and forward osmosis (FO). The ternary phase diagram for membrane casting solution has an important role to get the required membranes.

Acetylation of Nata de coco (bacterial cellulose) and membrane formation

“…The immersion-precipitation method [8] was employed for the fabrication CA membranes. First, CA in acetone solution in varying dope concent rations of 1% and 2% (w/v) were prepared.…”

Development and tuning of Matrimid membrane oxygenators with improved biocompatibility and gas permeance by plasma treatment

“…Without the addition of cosolvent, large macrovoids are formed because of instantaneous demixing while the skin layer of the membrane becomes porous and this is in good agreement with literature data. 40 Therefore, by addition of cosolvent, the formation of macrovoids was prevented. The solubility parameter differences with and without THF are presented in Table I.…”