Phase control of CuxTe film and its effects on CdS/CdTe solar cell

Wu, X.; Zhou, Jie; Duda, A.; Yan, Yanfa; Teeter, Glenn; Asher, S. E.; Metzger, Wyatt K.; Demtsu, S.H.; Wei, Su‐Huai; Noufi, R.

doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2006.12.151

Cited by 147 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Furthermore, the superior temperature coefficient of CdTe photovoltaics compared to Si wafers and Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 is advantageous during field operation, especially in hot climates 33 . Cu is known to influence stability of CdTe solar cells 23,24,34,35 . It was found that excess Cu at the back contact reduces device stability as it can diffuse towards the junction 23,35 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cu is known to influence stability of CdTe solar cells 23,24,34,35 . It was found that excess Cu at the back contact reduces device stability as it can diffuse towards the junction 23,35 . In the case of the presented Cu doping method, a controlled amount of Cu is added close to the front contact.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, first-principle calculations suggest that Cu dopants in CdTe can occupy the Cd atomic site acting as an acceptor, as well as the interstitial positions acting as a donor 20 . Originally, Cu has been added to the back contact of CdTe solar cells with the purpose of improving the contact properties of CdTe by forming a degenerate semiconductor layer, for example, in the form of Cu x Te, Cu-doped ZnTe, HgTe:CuTe-doped graphite paste or As 2 Te 3 :Cu 5, [21][22][23][24] . During back contact processing, part of the Cu has also been found to diffuse into CdTe 25,26 , where it increases acceptor concentration and affects carrier lifetime.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Doping of polycrystalline CdTe for high-efficiency solar cells on flexible metal foil

et al. 2013

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Roll-to-roll manufacturing of CdTe solar cells on flexible metal foil substrates is one of the most attractive options for low-cost photovoltaic module production. However, various efforts to grow CdTe solar cells on metal foil have resulted in low efficiencies. This is caused by the fact that the conventional device structure must be inverted, which imposes severe restrictions on device processing and consequently limits the electronic quality of the CdTe layer. Here we introduce an innovative concept for the controlled doping of the CdTe layer in the inverted device structure by means of evaporation of sub-monolayer amounts of Cu and subsequent annealing, which enables breakthrough efficiencies up to 13.6%. For the first time, CdTe solar cells on metal foil exceed the 10% efficiency threshold for industrialization. The controlled doping of CdTe with Cu leads to increased hole density, enhanced carrier lifetime and improved carrier collection in the solar cell. Our results offer new research directions for solving persistent challenges of CdTe photovoltaics.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Doping of polycrystalline CdTe for high-efficiency solar cells on flexible metal foil

et al. 2013

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“…12,49 Cu has been observed to increase lifetime at low concentration and can replace defects such as Te Cd or V Cd , as observed in PL spectra by Grecu et al 10,21 At larger Cu concentrations, lifetime has been observed to decrease. 10,50,51 The severe lifetime reduction by Cu shown in Fig. 1(d) cannot be attributed to the Cu Cd or Cu i sites based on recent experimental and theoretical capture cross section estimates.…”

Section: 15mentioning

confidence: 84%

Carrier density and lifetime for different dopants in single-crystal and polycrystalline CdTe

et al. 2016

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CdTe defect chemistry is adjusted by annealing samples with excess Cd or Te vapor with and without extrinsic dopants. We observe that Group I (Cu and Na) elements can increase hole density above 1016 cm−3, but compromise lifetime and stability. By post-deposition incorporation of a Group V dopant (P) in a Cd-rich ambient, lifetimes of 30 ns with 1016 cm−3 hole density are achieved in single-crystal and polycrystalline CdTe without CdCl2 or Cu. Furthermore, phosphorus doping appears to be thermally stable. This combination of long lifetime, high carrier concentration, and improved stability can help overcome historic barriers for CdTe solar cell development.

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“…The shallow highly doped region facilitates the carrier tunneling. Copper doped ZnTe (ZnTe:Cu) [3][4][5] and Cu-Te alloy (Cu x Te) have been popular contact materials [6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The formation of ZnTe:Cu and CuxTe double layer back contacts for CdTe solar cells

Kim

Ahn

Kim

et al. 2010

Current Applied Physics

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Phase control of CuxTe film and its effects on CdS/CdTe solar cell

Cited by 147 publications

References 9 publications

Doping of polycrystalline CdTe for high-efficiency solar cells on flexible metal foil

Doping of polycrystalline CdTe for high-efficiency solar cells on flexible metal foil

Carrier density and lifetime for different dopants in single-crystal and polycrystalline CdTe

The formation of ZnTe:Cu and CuxTe double layer back contacts for CdTe solar cells

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