Pharmacology of the Ureter

Jackson, Deborah; Redfern, P. H.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(70)90822-6

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…I ( . Gibbon (Liverpool) said that it has been reported (Jackson, Redfearn and Ancill, 1967) that the sympathetic nerve endings in the ureter are /3-adrenergic. This means that sympathetic over-activity would result in depression of ureteric peristalsis and a build-up of pressure within the renal pelvis which might produce pain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

THE MUSCULATURE OF THE HUMAN URETER¹

Notley¹

1970

British Journal of Urology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

THE MUSCULATURE OF THE HUMAN URETER¹

Notley¹

1970

British Journal of Urology

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An Experimental Model for Evaluating Drug Effects on the Ureter¹

Struthers

1973

British Journal of Urology

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The literature on the pharmacology of the ureter contains much that is contradictory, and the question "Can the activity of the intact ureter be influenced by drugs?" has not been answered satisfactorily. Greene and Essex (1942) stressed the need to distinguish the effects of changes in urine flow from possible drug effects, and Lapides (1948) found that alterations in ureteric peristalsis in man, following the administration of a drug, could generally be attributed to a change in urine volume. The demonstration of tc and / 3 adrenergic receptors in an in vitro pig ureter preparation (Deane, 1967) raised the possibility that mixed stimulation of these receptors could be a further explanation of past confusion. Deane considered that the cc receptors were dominant and motor, and the / 3 receptors were recessive and inhibitory. In vitro experiments supported this concept (Boyarsky and Labay, 1969) and indicated that noradrenaline infusion stimulated ureteral activity. However, Jackson, Redfern and Ancill (1970) found that noradrenaline decreased the peristaltic activity of the rat ureter and that the adrenergic receptors mediated the effect of the sympathetic nerve stimulation on the ureter.This continuing lack of unanimity indicates a need for an experimental preparation giving reproducible results in the hands of different workers.As it is desirable to be able to repeat the drug experiments on the same subject, the preparation would have to be a laboratory animal which, as far as we are aware, has a ureter with the same properties as that of man, and can be investigated without the need for sedation or anaesthesia. Further requirements would be easy access to the ureter and constant ureteric flow rate and bladder pressure measurements.The aim of this study was to test an experimental model which fulfilled these requirements. Materials and MethodsMongrel female dogs weighing 12-15 kilograms were used. Under general anaesthesia, the abdomen was opened through a midline incision and an explant pelvicostomy prepared by the following method of Kerr and Peterson (1969). The peritoneum overlying the right kidney was incised, the kidney mobilised and the renal artery and vein divided. The kidney was split and the renal pelvis freed from the parenchyma. The ureter was then mobilised sufficiently to permit the pelvis to be brought through a tunnel in the lateral abdominal wall and sutured to the skin. A small nephrostomy tube was inserted into the left kidney (Struthers, 1963) and the tube led via a subcutaneous tunnel to the animal's neck. If required, an episiotomy was made to facilitate bladder catheterisation. In some animals, a carotid loop was also fashioned.

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