Pharmacology and toxicology of praseodymium and neodymium chlorides

Haley, Thomas J.; Komesu, N.; Efros, Mitchell; Koste, L.; Upham, H.C.

doi:10.1016/0041-008x(64)90094-8

Cited by 34 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In a 30-day repeated oral administration of Ce chloride in mice, liver toxicity was observed to be 10 and 20 mg/kg showing histopathological changes, such as congestion, fatty degeneration, and cloudy swelling, with increased alanine aminotransferase [33]. Dy and Nd chlorides induced conjunctivitis in the Draize eye irritation test using rabbits, and severe irritation on the scratched skin of rabbits in the skin sensitization test [34], [35]. Although there have been a few research results concerning carcinogenicity and mutagenicity, the US EPA has not yet classified REEs as carcinogens [56].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Worker Safety in the Rare Earth Elements Recycling Process From the Review of Toxicity and Issues

Shin

Kim

Rim

2019

Safety and Health at Work

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Although the rare earth elements (REEs) recycling industry is expected to increase worldwide in high-tech industry, regulations for worker safety have yet to be established. This study was conducted to understand the potential hazard/risk of REE recycling and to support the establishment of regulations or standards. We review the extensive literature on the toxicology, occupational safety, and health issues, and epidemiological surveys related to the REEs, and propose suitable management measures. REE recycling has four key steps such as collection, dismantling, separation, and processing. In these processes, hazardous substances, such as REEs-containing dust, metals, and chemicals, were used or occurred, including the risk of ignition and explosion, and the workers can be easily exposed to them. In addition, skin irritation and toxicities for respiratory, nervous, and cardiovascular systems with the liver toxicity were reported; however, more supplementary data are needed, owing to incompleteness. Therefore, monitoring systems concerning health, environmental impacts, and safety need to be established, based on additional research studies. It is also necessary to develop innovative and environment-friendly recycling technologies, analytical methods, and biomarkers with government support. Through these efforts, the occupational safety and health status will be improved, along with the establishment of advanced REE recycling industry.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Worker Safety in the Rare Earth Elements Recycling Process From the Review of Toxicity and Issues

Shin

Kim

Rim

2019

Safety and Health at Work

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“…220 Nd has been classied as a light REE and exhibits similar toxicity to La and Ce. 71,208,219,221 Although Er belongs to the group of REEs with large ionic radii, it is moderately to highly toxic, causing writhing, ataxia, labored respiration, walking on the toes with arched back, and sedation. 222,223 (e) No consensus was reached on the biocompatibility of Gd and Y.…”

Section: Classication Of Mg Alloying Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of alloying elements on the corrosion behavior and biocompatibility of biodegradable magnesium alloys: a review

et al. 2014

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“…It is used in many consumer products that may eventually end up in our trash and then become widely distributed in nature. Very little is known about its toxicology, and the most recent account of general toxicology we could find is from 1964 [ 26 ]. We found a mean value of 0.032 μg/L which is much lower than the mean value of 1.39 μg/L reported by Minoia et al [ 20 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trace Elements in the Large Population-Based HUNT3 Survey

Syversen

Evje

Wolf-Grosse

et al. 2020

Biol Trace Elem Res

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The Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (The HUNT Study) is a large health survey population study in the county of Trøndelag, Norway. The survey has been repeated four times in about 10-year intervals. In the HUNT3 survey (2006–2008), we collected 28,000 samples for trace element analysis. Blood samples from 758 healthy persons without known occupational exposure were selected for multielement analysis of a small sample of blood (0.25 mL). The aim of the study was to determine the minimum blood volume that can be used for the analytical procedure and to compare our results with previously published results of similar surveys in healthy populations. Samples were digested and the concentration of selected trace elements was determined by ICP-MS. We report results on essential elements (B, Co, Cu, Mn, Se and Zn) as well as non-essential elements (As, Be, Br, Cd, Cs, In, La, Pb, Hg, Nd, Ni, Nb, Pd, Pt, Sm, Ta and Sn). Results are similar to previous studies on the HUNT3 population, and with a few exceptions, our data compares very well with results obtained in recent studies from other countries. We wanted to test a minimum volume of blood in a large-scale analytical program. For a number of nonessential elements, our results were below the limit of detection. We suggest that future studies using similar ICP-MS equipment as analytical tool should use at least 0.5 mL of blood.

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Pharmacology and toxicology of praseodymium and neodymium chlorides

Cited by 34 publications

References 22 publications

Worker Safety in the Rare Earth Elements Recycling Process From the Review of Toxicity and Issues

Worker Safety in the Rare Earth Elements Recycling Process From the Review of Toxicity and Issues

Effects of alloying elements on the corrosion behavior and biocompatibility of biodegradable magnesium alloys: a review

Trace Elements in the Large Population-Based HUNT3 Survey

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