Pharmacology and Toxicology of Lithium

Schou, Mogens

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-67538-6_27

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Thus, it is involved in regulating several signal transduction and metabolic pathways by direct involvement in glycogen synthesis, depletion of inositol, apoptosis and blocking ligand signalling through calcium which effects metabolism, cell proliferation, and neuro protection [12]. Li is transported out by sodium transporter system and has an indirect effect on potassium and chloride transport system [13]. It can cross through placental membrane also and is capable of having a teratogenic effect.…”

Section: Pharmacologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium: Immunomodulatory and Anti-Infectious Activities

2019

JPR

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Lithium (Li), a well-known immunomodulatory agent, has been in use for the treatment of several infectious diseases. Li mainly acts through GSK3β inactivation and several other signalling pathways, which are directly involved in the activation of innate immune system. Li therapy has been shown to cause effective modulation of various inflammatory cytokines, and has also been shown to boost immunity in several disease models. Apart from treatment for mania, Li has also been proved to be effective against infections caused by viruses, bacteria, parasites, and certain life-style disorders. Its effects, ranging from common defensive capabilities to complex pathways for protection of human body, make Li extraordinary. Thus, Li is an absolute requirement that can be a solution for some of the immune related disorders. This review mainly focuses on pharmacology, immune reactions of different cell types, and anti-infectious activities of Li.

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Section: Pharmacologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium: Immunomodulatory and Anti-Infectious Activities

2019

JPR

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“…Alternative treatments were considered. Lithium was rejected as it is toxic and operates within a narrow therapeutic range 8. On day 43, the oral cholecystographic agent sodium ipodate was started 1 g daily and increased to 2 g after three days 9 10.…”

Section: Post-agranulocytosis Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grand Rounds--St Bartholomew's Hospital: A lump in the chest

Patel

Mukherjee²

1995

BMJ

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“…Although the toxic effects of systemically administered lithium compounds are well characterized (Schou, 1976;Thomsen, 1978), only a few studies exist for inhaled lithium compounds. Spiegl and coworkers (1956) exposed rats, mice, guinea pigs, and rabbits to lithium hydride metal particles dispersed from a Wright dust feeder at concentrations ranging from 5 to 55 mg/m 3 for 4-7 h duration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhalation toxicity of lithium combustion aerosols in rats

Greenspan

Allen

Rebar

1986

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health

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Studies of the acute inhalation toxicity of lithium combustion aerosols were undertaken to aid in evaluating the health hazards associated with the proposed use of lithium metal in fusion reactors. A system was developed to generate lithium combustion aerosols by sweeping vapor from molten lithium metal into a controlled air atmosphere. Male and female F344/Lov rats, 9-12 wk of age, were exposed once for 4 h to concentrations of 2600, 2300, 1400, or 620 mg/m3 of aerosol (MMAD = 0.69 micrometer, sigma g = 1.45) that was approximately 80% lithium carbonate and 20% lithium hydroxide to determine the acute toxic effects. Fourteen-day LC50 values (with 95% confidence limits) of 1700 (1300-2000) mg/m3 for the male rats and 2000 (1700-2400) mg/m3 for the female rate were calculated. Clinical signs of anorexia, dehydration, respiratory difficulty, and perioral and perinasal encrustation were observed. Body weights were decreased the first day after exposure in relation to the exposure concentration. In animals observed for an additional 2 wk, body weights, organ weights, and clinical signs began to return to preexposure values. Histopathologic examination of the respiratory tracts from the animals revealed ulcerative or necrotic laryngitis, focal to segmental ulcerative rhinitis often accompanied by areas of squamous metaplasia, and, in some cases, a suppurative bronchopneumonia or aspiration pneumonia, probably secondary to the laryngeal lesions. The results of these studies indicate the moderate acute toxicity of lithium carbonate aerosols and will aid in the risk analysis of accidental releases of lithium combustion aerosols.

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Pharmacology and Toxicology of Lithium

Cited by 4 publications

References 47 publications

Lithium: Immunomodulatory and Anti-Infectious Activities

Lithium: Immunomodulatory and Anti-Infectious Activities

Grand Rounds--St Bartholomew's Hospital: A lump in the chest

Inhalation toxicity of lithium combustion aerosols in rats

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