Aims: Melissa officinalis (Mo) and Lavandula angustifolia (La) essential oils and their major constituents ((E) -caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide, geranyl acetate, linalool, nerol, Oct-1-en-3-ol, 3-Octanone, myrcene, allo-ocimene, p-cymene and α-terpineol) assessed by GC-MS) which are shared by these two essential oils were probed in an attempt to identify the GABA A R ligand(s). [810][811][812][813][814][815][816][817][818] 2014 811 IC 50 of 40 M. Concentrations (0.001 mg/ml) of whole (Mo) were shown to display modest beneficial effects upon neuronal viability while at a higher concentration (0.1 mg/ml) of (Mo) and (La) oils induced a neurotoxicity effect. Conclusion: These data provide the first evidence that allo-ocimene is an neuroactive GABA A R inhibitory component found in both (Mo) and (La), and represents a novel GABA A receptor channel chemotype derived from a natural product.