Pharmacological management of secondary spinal cord injury

Baroncini, Alice; Maffulli, Nicola; Eschweiler, Jörg; Tingart, Markus; Migliorini, Filippo

doi:10.1080/14656566.2021.1918674

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…ROS/oxidative stress plays a significant role in the SCI. Excess ROS such as hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), hydroxyl radical (•OH) and superoxide (O2 •− ) increases significantly in the spinal cord within hours after the primary injury, which breaks the pro-oxidant/anti-oxidant dynamic balance [ 43 ], and causes progressive oxidative stress damage to mitochondria, proteins and DNA resulting in apoptosis and necrosis of neuronal cells, acting as a mechanism of secondary spinal injury [ 44 , 45 ]. Although the primary injury is irreversible, the secondary injury can be prevented and alleviated by intervention.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traditional Chinese medicine active ingredients-based selenium nanoparticles regulate antioxidant selenoproteins for spinal cord injury treatment

Rao

Lin

et al. 2022

J Nanobiotechnol

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Background As Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) drugs, Huangqi and Danshen are always applied in combination for spinal cord injury (SCI) treatment based on the compatibility theory of TCM. Astragalus Polysaccharidesis (APS) and Tanshinone IIA (TSIIA) are the main active ingredients of Huangqi and Danshen, and they both possess neuroprotective effects through antioxidant activities. However, low solubility and poor bioavailability have greatly limited their application. In recent years, selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have drawn enormous attention as potential delivery carrier for antioxidant drugs. Results In this study, TCM active ingredients-based SeNPs surface decorated with APS and loaded with TSIIA (TSIIA@SeNPs-APS) were successfully synthesized under the guidance of the compatibility theory of TCM. Such design improved the bioavailability of APS and TSIIA with the benefits of high stability, efficient delivery and highly therapeutic efficacy for SCI treatment illustrated by an improvement of the antioxidant protective effects of APS and TSIIA. The in vivo experiments indicated that TSIIA@SeNPs-APS displayed high efficiency of cellular uptake and long retention time in PC12 cells. Furthermore, TSIIA@SeNPs-APS had a satisfactory protective effect against oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells by inhibiting excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, so as to alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction to reduce cell apoptosis and S phase cell cycle arrest, and finally promote cell survival. The in vivo experiments indicated that TSIIA@SeNPs-APS can protect spinal cord neurons of SCI rats by enhancing GSH-Px activity and decreasing MDA content, which was possibly via the metabolism of TSIIA@SeNPs-APS to SeCys2 and regulating antioxidant selenoproteins to resist oxidative stress-induced damage. Conclusions TSIIA@SeNPs-APS exhibited promising therapeutic effects in the anti-oxidation therapy of SCI, which paved the way for developing the synergistic effect of TCM active ingredients by nanotechnology to improve the efficacy as well as establishing novel treatments for oxidative stress-related diseases associated with Se metabolism and selenoproteins regulation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traditional Chinese medicine active ingredients-based selenium nanoparticles regulate antioxidant selenoproteins for spinal cord injury treatment

Rao

Lin

et al. 2022

J Nanobiotechnol

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Section: Spinal Cord Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The management of spinal cord injuries (SCIs) represents a challenge, as patients and physicians are confronted with numerous issues ranging from sensory and motor impairment to bed sores [34]. It is estimated that anywhere from 300,000 to 1 million people currently live with chronic SCIs [35,36], and it is thus of paramount importance to investigate possible treatment options to limit the damage to the neural structures after trauma and improve the patients' quality of life after chronic damage has set in [34]. The rationale in the use of MSCs for the treatment of SCIs lies in the known ability of these cells to regenerate damaged nervous tissue [37][38][39] and in the possibility of these cells to act as scaffold for the regeneration of the lost nervous tissue [40,41].…”

Section: Spinal Cord Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rationale in the use of MSCs for the treatment of SCIs lies in the known ability of these cells to regenerate damaged nervous tissue [37][38][39] and in the possibility of these cells to act as scaffold for the regeneration of the lost nervous tissue [40,41]. The stem cells are delivered intravenously, intraparenchymally, or intrathecally, with or without the use of scaffolds and adjuvants or anti-inflammatory drugs such as minocycline [34,39].…”

Section: Spinal Cord Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mesenchymal Stem Cell Applications in Spine Disorders: A Comprehensive Review

et al. 2021

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are increasingly being employed in a number of orthopedic settings, in particular in the treatment of hip and knee osteoarthritis. Recently, the use MSCs has been investigated for different spine settings. However, the use of these cells is not yet widespread in the clinical practice. The aim of this review was to investigate the current literature regarding the use of MSCs in different spine conditions and discuss possible future applications. In particular, degenerative disc disease is the most studied field for MSC application, and is the only one that has already reached the clinical practice, albeit not routinely. Spinal cord injuries are another extensively investigated use of MSCs: despite encouraging preliminary results, a consensus on the efficacy of stem cell therapy for spinal cord injuries has not yet been reached, and their use is still only experimental.

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“…Many drugs have been explored to treat SCI, but the recovery efficacy is insufficient [ 11 ]. And low recovery efficiency may bring serious inflammations and infections, which may cause serious side effects [ 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gold nanoclusters conjugated berberine reduce inflammation and alleviate neuronal apoptosis by mediating M2 polarization for spinal cord injury repair

Zhou

Fan

et al. 2021

Regenerative Biomaterials

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Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to nerve cell apoptosis and loss of motor function. Herein, excessive activation of the M1 phenotype macrophages/microglia is found to be the main reason for the poor prognosis of SCI, but the selective activation phenotype (M2) macrophages/microglia facilitates the recovery of SCI. Thereafter, we used gold nanoclusters loaded berberine (BRB-AuNCs) to reduce inflammation by inhibiting the activation of M1 phenotype macrophages/microglia, which simultaneously inhibited neuronal apoptosis after SCI. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that BRB-AuNCs reduced M1 protein marker CD86, increased M2 protein marker CD206, reduced inflammation and apoptotic cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, Cleaved Caspase-3, Bax). These results indicate that BRB-AuNCs have excellent anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects by inducing the polarization of macrophages/microglia from M1 phenotype to M2 phenotype. Thereafter, the motor functions of SCI rats were significantly improved after treatment with BRB-AuNCs. This work not only provides a new way for the treatment of SCI but also broadens BRB utilization strategies.

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Pharmacological management of secondary spinal cord injury

Cited by 13 publications

References 96 publications

Traditional Chinese medicine active ingredients-based selenium nanoparticles regulate antioxidant selenoproteins for spinal cord injury treatment

Traditional Chinese medicine active ingredients-based selenium nanoparticles regulate antioxidant selenoproteins for spinal cord injury treatment

Mesenchymal Stem Cell Applications in Spine Disorders: A Comprehensive Review

Gold nanoclusters conjugated berberine reduce inflammation and alleviate neuronal apoptosis by mediating M2 polarization for spinal cord injury repair

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