Pharmacological evaluation of Salvadora persica on scopolamine-induced memory disorder

Abstract

Background: Salvadora persica root has been reported for various pharmacological activities and it can also be used for memory sharpening.Aim and Objective: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of Salvadora persica root extract on scopolamine induced amnesia in ratsMaterials and Methods: The evaluation of Salvadora persica (S. persica) on scopolamine induced memory impairment was carried out using scopolamine 3mg/kg p.o for 7 days followed by treatment with Donepezil (3mg/kg) and S. persica root extract (250, 500, 1000 mg/kg) for 21 days; assessed by in vivo and in vitro studies. In vivo models Elevated Plus Maze (EPM), Morris Water Maze (MWM) and Passive Avoidance Paradigm (PA) was used for assessment of Transfer Latency (TL), Escape Latency (EL) and Step Through Latency (STL). In vitro studies on rat cerebral cortex and hippocampus AChE enzyme estimation, estimation of reduced glutathione, GSH and histopathological studies. Results: Treated animals shown increased STL whereas decreased TL and EL. In vitro studies of brain and parts of the brain showed decreased AChE enzyme activity in hippocampus and cerebral cortex, increased level of reduced glutathione level and reduced MDA levels. Considerable histopathological changes were seen in treated rat brain, specially in CA1 and CA3 neural intact in hippocampus region.Conclusion: Present study describes attenuation action of S. persica on memory impairment induced by scopolamine may be due to increase in Acetylcholine (ACh) level in brain by inhibiting AChE enzyme and antioxidant property of S. persica. Histopathological changes are seen in scopolamine treated rats and treatment rats.

Antidepressant and Anxiolytic Potentials of the Chewing Stick, Salvadora persica

“…Without afecting climbing much, SP extracts also signifcantly lengthened the swimming duration (16.8%) [34]. Tus, the fndings of our study is similar to other studies conducted and verifed that acute administration of the S. persica produced antidepressant like efect which refected by decreasing depressive-like behavior [31][32][33][34]39]. Te present study demonstrates the antidepressant effects of the aqueous and ethyl acetate extract of Salvadora persica.…”

“…Similar results were found in a study by the date palm and miswak aqueous extracts, which had antidepressant-like effects on depression-like behaviors in the model in rats and significantly ( p < 0.05) increased the number of entries in the open arm [ 32 ]. According to a study by Biradar [ 33 ], utilizing the EPM model, Sp extract's administration significantly reduced transfer latency (TL). Thus, administration of Sp generated an anxiolytic-like effect that was reflected by a decrease in depressive-like behavior, which is consistent with other research studies that were conducted [ 31 – 34 ].…”

“…According to a study by Biradar [33], utilizing the EPM model, Sp extract's administration signifcantly reduced transfer latency (TL). Tus, administration of Sp generated an anxiolytic-like efect that was refected by a decrease in depressive-like behavior, which is consistent with other research studies that were conducted [31][32][33][34]. Tus, it is proving that the anxiolytic drugs exhibit improved performance in open arm exploration and the anxiogenic compounds work opposite by decreasing the entries to the open arm in the plus maze [35].…”

Role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in Alzheimer's disease and neuroprotective effects of pegylated self-assembled nanoscaffolds

“…Memory impairment was induced in mice by scopolamine HBr at a dose of 3 ​mg/kg (administered Intraperitoneally (IP)) once a week up to 21 days ( Biradar and Attar, 2020 ). The animals were divided into seven groups (6 animals/group).…”