Pharmacological and Genotoxic Properties of Polyphenolic Extracts ofCedrela odorataL. andJuglans regiaL. Barks in Rodents

Abstract

Evaluation of the phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of Cedrela odorata L. and Juglans regia L. bark extracts was performed in vitro. Juglans regia showed greater extract concentration and higher antioxidant activity. Hypoglycemic activity in rats was assessed by generating a glucose tolerance curve and determining the area under the curve (AUC). Diabetes was later induced by an injection with streptozotocin (65 mg/kg of b.w.) and confirmed after 24 hours. The extract was administered (200 mg/kg b.w.) over 10 days, and blood glucose was monitored and compared with a control group. The glucose AUC showed a hypoglycemic effect of J. regia and C. odorata in normal rats. Both extracts reduced hepatic lipid peroxidation in diabetic rats. Polyphenolic extracts reduced cholesterol levels in a hypercholesterolemic mouse model and decreased hepatic lipid peroxidation. Polyphenolic extract doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w. were administered alone or with cyclophosphamide (CPA) 50 mg/kg ip, which was used as a positive control. Analyses were performed using leukocytes in a comet assay after 4 and 24 h of treatment. Genotoxic effects were evaluated by the comet assay, which showed that while J. regia extract had no effect, C. odorata extract induced slight damage at 200 mg/kg, with the formation of type 0 and 1 comets.

Effect of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Compounds on the Characteristics of Walnut Shells

“…As agricultural waste, walnut shells are burned in the winter to produce heat, but this usage method is energy inefficient and pollutes the air [2]. Walnut shells are rich in phenolic acids and related polyphenols that, as shown in other studies, bear numerous health-promoting effects [6]. As the need for natural antioxidants is dynamically increasing in the food industry, agricultural and food waste is becoming an ideal substance from which to extract phenolic compounds as natural antioxidants [7].…”

DNA Protection against Oxidative Damage Using the Hydroalcoholic Extract of Garcinia mangostana and Alpha‐Mangostin

“…The Comet assay has been used to evaluate genotoxicity of extracts from Polyalthia longifolia [ 24 ], Cedrela odorata L. and Juglans regia L. [ 25 ], and Acacia aroma [ 26 ] and demonstrated their safety. On the other hand, a survey of bark extract of Nauclea , traditionally used in African countries for the treatment of fever [ 27 ], diarrhea, and malaria, showed a high rate of genotoxicity in the Comet assay, suggesting that ingestion of this extract is a health risk.…”

Evaluation of Hypoglycemic and Genotoxic Effect of Polyphenolic Bark Extract from Quercus sideroxyla

“…Some studies showed a dose-dependent relationship and even talk about the possible activation of different cellular pathways depending on the tested dose [21, 33]. It has been shown that flavonoids have effects against DNA damage induced by various genotoxic agents, that is, principally by the ability to protect against ROS produced and by the modulation of enzymes responsible for bioactivation and detoxification of genotoxic agents.…”

“…The negative group received 1% Tween-80 aqueous solution, and the positive control group received an intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (CPA) at 50 mg/kg body weight. The evaluation of DNA damage was done by comet assay according to Almonte-Flores et al [21] at 4 and 24 hours, where it was evaluated by examining 100 randomly selected cells (50 cells per coded slide) per animal. These cells were scored visually according to tail size and grouped into the following four classes: class 0, no tail; class 1, tail shorter than the diameter of the head (nucleus); class 2, tail length 1-2 times the diameter of the head; and class 3, tail length more than twice the diameter of the head.…”