Pharmacokinetics of Tylvalosin in Broiler Turkeys (Meleagris Gallopavo) After Single Intravenous and Oral Administration

Abstract

Pharmacokinetics of tylvalosin (TVN) were determined in eight broiler turkeys following a single intravenous (IV) and peroral (PO) administration of 25 mg/kg b.w using a crossover design with a 3 weeks washout period. Blood samples were taken between 0.083 and 24 h following TVN administration, plasma was separated and assayed for TVN concentrations by HPLC. The non-compartmental analysis was used to analyze plasma concentration-time curves. After IV administration, the pharmacokinetic profile was best described by a two-compartment model. The mean distribution and elimination half-lives were 0.382 and 5.71 h, respectively. The distribution volume at steady state, total body clearance and mean residence time were 8.30 L/kg, 1.17 L/h, and 7.16 h, respectively. After administering orally, the mean absorption half-life and absorption time of TVN was 0.955 and 2.31 h, respectively. The peak plasma concentration was 1.08 μg/mL and achieved at 2.0 h post-administration and the bioavailability was 53.3%. The plasma protein binding percent was 13%. For a successful clinical efficacy of TVN in broiler turkeys, a dosage regimen of 25 mg/kg b.w, given orally each day is recommended to keep efficient plasma levels above the MIC for most susceptible microorganisms.

Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Modeling of Spiramycin against Mycoplasma synoviae in Chickens

“…This ratio was comparable to that previously recorded for tylosin (32.40%), a macrolide antibiotic, in duck plasma [ 43 ]. However, this percentage was higher than that reported for tylvalosin (13%) in turkey plasma [ 44 ]. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report regarding the plasma protein biding of spiramycin.…”

The Anti-Nociceptive Potential of Tulathromycin against Chemically and Thermally Induced Pain in Mice

“…Macrolides, a well-known class of antibiotics, play a substantial role in treating various infections with the advantages of intracellular penetration and accumulation (particularly in phagocytes) [ 39 , 40 , 41 ], anti-inflammatory [ 23 , 42 , 43 ], immune-modulating properties [ 44 , 45 ], and improved pharmacokinetics [ 46 ]. Such data found a basis for the establishment of novel macrolide derivatives with enhanced tolerance and antimicrobial activity.…”

Quantification and Determination of Stability of Tylvalosin in Pig Plasma by Ultra-High Liquid Chromatography with Ultraviolet Detection

“…Tylvalosin (TV) is a modern veterinary macrolide antibiotic with a 16-membered lactone ring derived from tylosin by the substitution of the 3-acetyl-40-isovaleryl group for acetylisovaleryltylosin tartrate [ 1 , 2 ]. This macrolide is used in swine and poultry for treating enteric and respiratory bacterial infections, including those caused by Mycoplasma species [ 1 , 3 , 4 ]. Before its use in veterinary medicine, macrolide analysis in body fluids is a prerequisite step for the rational dose calculation of TV therapy based on specific pharmacokinetic information in veterinary species.…”

“…Nowadays, only three methods can be found in the literature to determinate TV in plasma by HPLC. One of these methods quantifies the concentrations of this macrolide by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC/MS) in pig plasma with a quantification limit (LOQ) of 0.001 µg/mL [ 14 ]; the other two methods use high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC/UV) in turkey plasma and chicken serum [ 4 , 15 ] with an LOQ of 0.1 and 0.039 µg/mL, respectively. LC/MS methods show high sensitivity but unfortunately suffer from a high matrix effect (especially in mode: electrospray ionization), and these devices are not usually present in most clinical laboratories [ 16 , 17 , 18 ].…”