Pharmacokinetics of ketamine and norketamine enantiomers after racemic or S-ketamine IV bolus administration in dogs during sevoflurane anaesthesia

Romagnoli, Noemi; Bektas, Rima N; Kutter, Annette P N; Barbarossa, Andrea; Roncada, Paola; Hartnack, Sonja; Bettschart‐Wolfensberger, Regula

doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.05.005

Cited by 10 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Moreover, using a spray device instead of droplet administration of the drug into the nose and dividing the dose over the two nostrils would also enhance nasal absorption and bioavailability, since this increases the area over which the drug is spread [7,46]. Total body clearance (Cl) of ketamine was lower compared to other veterinary studies examining the pharmacokinetics of ketamine in dogs [47][48][49]. In the study of Pypendop and Ilkiw (2005), mean Cl after IV administration of ketamine was 3492 ± 1038 mL/h/kg, while volume of distribution at steady state (Vss) was 4060.3 ± 2405.7 mL/kg.…”

Section: Table 2 Pharmacokinetic Parameters Of Ketamine In Dogs Admimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the study of Pypendop and Ilkiw (2005), mean Cl after IV administration of ketamine was 3492 ± 1038 mL/h/kg, while volume of distribution at steady state (Vss) was 4060.3 ± 2405.7 mL/kg. Romagnoli et al (2017) reported separate Cl values for S-(4309.2 ± 768 mL/h/kg) and R-ketamine (4048.8 ± 640.8 mL/h/kg) following IV racemic ketamine administration, with a volume of distribution for the central compartment of 750 ± 370 mL/kg. The study of Sandbaumhüter et al consisted of two groups of dogs receiving ketamine, with one group anesthetized with sevoflurane and one group sedated with medetomidine.…”

Section: Table 2 Pharmacokinetic Parameters Of Ketamine In Dogs Admimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pharmacokinetics, absolute bioavailability and tolerability of ketamine after intranasal administration to dexmedetomidine sedated dogs

et al. 2020

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Intranasal ketamine has recently gained interest in human medicine, not only for its sedative, anaesthetic or analgesic properties, but also in the management of treatment resistant depression, where it has been shown to be an effective, fast acting alternative treatment. Since several similarities are reported between human psychiatric disorders and canine anxiety disorders, intranasal ketamine could serve as an alternative treatment for anxiety disordered dogs. However, to the authors knowledge, intranasal administration of ketamine and its pharmacokinetics have never been described in dogs. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the pharmacokinetics, absolute bioavailability and tolerability of intranasal ketamine administration compared with intravenous administration. Seven healthy, adult laboratory Beagle dogs were included in this randomized crossover study. The dogs received 2 mg/kg body weight ketamine intravenously (IV) or intranasally (IN), with a two-week washout period. Prior to ketamine administration, dogs were sedated intramuscularly with dexmedetomidine. Venous blood samples were collected at fixed times until 480 min post-administration and ketamine plasma concentrations were determined by liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry. Cardiovascular parameters and sedation scores were recorded at the same time points. Non-compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis revealed a rapid (Tmax = 0.25 ± 0.14 h) and complete IN bioavailability (F = 147.65 ± 49.97%). Elimination half-life was similar between both administration routes (T1/2el IV = 1.47 ± 0.24 h, T1/2el IN = 1.50 ± 0.97 h). Heart rate and sedation scores were significantly higher at 5 and 10 min following IV administration compared to IN administration, but not at the later time-points.

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Section: Table 2 Pharmacokinetic Parameters Of Ketamine In Dogs Admimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Table 2 Pharmacokinetic Parameters Of Ketamine In Dogs Admimentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics, absolute bioavailability and tolerability of ketamine after intranasal administration to dexmedetomidine sedated dogs

et al. 2020

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“…The optimized MS/MS parameters were then applied to the analytical method, which was fully validated in accordance with EMEA/CHMP/EWP/192217/2009 guidelines 20 . The described approach was successfully employed in the analysis of canine plasma samples collected during a pharmacokinetics study on KET and NK metabolites 9,10 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical point in chiral chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of ketamine metabolites

Barbarossa

Bardhi

Gazzotti

et al. 2021

Drug Testing and Analysis

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Ketamine is a widely used dissociative drug, whose quantification in plasma and urine can be of pharmacological, toxicological, and clinical interest. Although tandem mass spectrometry allows the reliable determination of ketamine and its metabolites in biological matrices, the structural similarity between norketamine (main active metabolite) and dehydronorketamine (a less relevant metabolite) can represent a

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“…Even at the time of end also not gained full palpebral reflex strength than corneal reflex. This may be due to dissociative effect of ketamine as its metabolite (Romagnoli et al, 2017) also equally potent and combined depressive activity of dexmedetomidine, butorphanol and propofol some extent. Clinical quantitive anaesthetic parameters of ketofol 1:2 were in table 2.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinico-Physiological Effects of Ketofol 1:2 in Canine Orthopaedic Patients

E.¹,

SURENDRA²,

Sarangom³

et al. 2020

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci

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Pharmacokinetics of ketamine and norketamine enantiomers after racemic or S-ketamine IV bolus administration in dogs during sevoflurane anaesthesia

Cited by 10 publications

References 23 publications

Pharmacokinetics, absolute bioavailability and tolerability of ketamine after intranasal administration to dexmedetomidine sedated dogs

Pharmacokinetics, absolute bioavailability and tolerability of ketamine after intranasal administration to dexmedetomidine sedated dogs

A critical point in chiral chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of ketamine metabolites

Clinico-Physiological Effects of Ketofol 1:2 in Canine Orthopaedic Patients

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