Pharmacokinetics of clarithromycin after single intravenous and intracrop bolus administrations to broiler chickens

AwadAllah, Hanady; Awidat, Shaban; El-Mahmoudy, Abubakr

doi:10.14419/ijpt.v4i1.5846

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…After IV injection of TVN in turkeys, the plasma concentration vs. time curve was tilted in a biphasic pattern, indicating that the disposition profile of TVN obeyed a two-compartment model. Similar data were recently recorded for TVN in turkey (21) and broiler chickens (22–24) and also for tylosin (18, 25, 26) and clarithromycin (27) in broiler chickens. Tylvalosin has good distribution profile in turkey as evidenced by a short (0.382 h) distribution half-life, probably due to extensive tissues distribution.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Contrarily, TVN showed short t 1/2β (0.788 and 0.61 h) in turkeys and laying hens after IV administration (21) and (22), respectively. The t 1/2β of tylosin in broiler chickens was also long [5.62 h (26) and 7.29 h (27)]. Contrarily, a short t 1/2β of tylosin [0.52 h (16) and 1.04–1.16 h (18)] was recorded in broiler chickens following IV injection of 10 mg/kg b.w.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Pharmacokinetics of Tylvalosin in Broiler Turkeys (Meleagris Gallopavo) After Single Intravenous and Oral Administration

2019

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Pharmacokinetics of tylvalosin (TVN) were determined in eight broiler turkeys following a single intravenous (IV) and peroral (PO) administration of 25 mg/kg b.w using a crossover design with a 3 weeks washout period. Blood samples were taken between 0.083 and 24 h following TVN administration, plasma was separated and assayed for TVN concentrations by HPLC. The non-compartmental analysis was used to analyze plasma concentration-time curves. After IV administration, the pharmacokinetic profile was best described by a two-compartment model. The mean distribution and elimination half-lives were 0.382 and 5.71 h, respectively. The distribution volume at steady state, total body clearance and mean residence time were 8.30 L/kg, 1.17 L/h, and 7.16 h, respectively. After administering orally, the mean absorption half-life and absorption time of TVN was 0.955 and 2.31 h, respectively. The peak plasma concentration was 1.08 μg/mL and achieved at 2.0 h post-administration and the bioavailability was 53.3%. The plasma protein binding percent was 13%. For a successful clinical efficacy of TVN in broiler turkeys, a dosage regimen of 25 mg/kg b.w, given orally each day is recommended to keep efficient plasma levels above the MIC for most susceptible microorganisms.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Pharmacokinetics of Tylvalosin in Broiler Turkeys (Meleagris Gallopavo) After Single Intravenous and Oral Administration

2019

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“…Pharmacokinetic parameters: Following oral administration of roxithromycin alone in broiler chickens, the mean value of elimination rate constant was 0.08 per hour and corresponding values of elimination half-life ranged from 7.21 to 9.23 h with a mean value of 8.30 h. Wide variations in elimination half-life of different macrolides is reported in broiler chickens, viz. 4.1 h for erythromycin (Goudah et al 2004), 2.11 h for clarithromycin (Awadallah et al 2016) and 31.5 h for azithromycin (Abo-El-Sooud et al 2012) in comparison to 8.30 h for roxithromycin in present study. Thus, in broiler chickens roxithromycin showed longer elimination than erythromycin and clarithromycin but shorter than azithromycin.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 50%

“…Kwon (2017) too reported a lag phase time of 0.25 h in the absorption of roxithromycin in humans. The lag phase of 30 min in oral absorption was also observed for clarithromycin in broiler chickens (Awadallah et al 2016). Generally, delay in drug absorption is attributed to poor drug dissolution from the dosage form or incomplete wetting of drug particles owing to the hydrophobic nature of the drug (Jambhekar and Breen, 2012).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Pharmacokinetic evaluation of roxithromycin and ciprofloxacin in treating complicated avian mycoplasmosis in broiler chickens

Singh

Mody

Patel

et al. 2021

Indian J of Anim Sci

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The use of roxithromycin along with ciprofloxacin is having potential to be a promising antimicrobial therapy to treat complicated avian mycoplasmosis in broiler chickens. The present research was undertaken to study the influence of roxithromycin (20 mg/kg body weight) and ciprofloxacin (10 mg/kg body weight) on the oral pharmacokinetics of each other, when both drugs are concomitantly administered in eight healthy male broiler chickens (n=8) and to establish their therapeutic dosage regimens. Their plasma concentrations were assayed by validated ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) methods using UV detector. Oral pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated from plasma concentration versus time data based on non-compartmental analysis. Statistically, plasma roxithromycin concentration was significantly higher at one time point only (0.5 h) and plasma ciprofloxacin concentration was significantly lower at the time point of 2 h only when used in combination, in comparison to their respective values obtained after their alone administrations. The pharmacokinetic parameters of roxithromycin and ciprofloxacin showed no significant effect on values of either drug when given in combination and there was a lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between the two antimicrobials. The predicted effective oral dose rate of roxithromycin was 20 mg/kg body weight, every 12 h, and that of ciprofloxacin was 10 mg/kg body weight, every 24 h, to treat complicated avian mycoplasmosis in broiler chickens.

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Safety profile of clarithromycin in broilers after repeated oral administration

AwadAllah

Awidat

Bennour

et al. 2016

IJBR

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The effects of repeated oral administration of clarithromycin (7.5 mg/Kg B.W., daily for 5 consecutive days) on blood parameters, clinico-chemical parameters and vital organ histology were evaluated in Ross broiler chickens. Twelve clinically healthy birds have been used in a parallel study design, where they have been randomly divided into two groups. The 1st group received a dose of 7.5 mg clarithromycin/Kg as intracrop bolus daily for 5 consecutive days after 6 h fasting; while the 2nd group received iso-saline and was kept as control. Blood samples were collected from all birds via the wing and metatarsal vein punctures on the 5th day for clinico-chemical and haematological examinations; and liver, kidneys and heart were dissected out for histopathological examination. Results revealed that repeated administration of clarithromycin caused significant increases in ALP, AST, ALT, CK, urea and creatinine levels, compared to those of control. Metabolic parameters exhibited significant decrease in albumin with consequent decrease in total protein and decreased albumin/globulin ratio. Lipid parameters remained unchanged, compared to control. Leuckogram revealed that total leuckocytic count was decreased as a result of the decreased number of lymphocytes and mid-sized cells. On the other hand, granulocytes number exhibited significant increase (granulocytosis) together with increased number of platelets (thrombocytosis); while erythrogram remained insignifi-cantly affected. Liver and kidney showed inflammatory cellular infiltrations associated with degenerative changes and haemorrhages. Although heart did not show inflammatory cellular infiltrations, yet breakage in some bundles was noted. These data indicate that although clarithromycin did not cause any clinical serious manifestations on the treated birds, yet laboratory analysis revealed some adverse effects on some organs as liver, kidney and heart as well as alterations in some clinic-chemical and hematological parameters; these findings should be taken in consideration during therapy with clarithromycin.

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Pharmacokinetics of clarithromycin after single intravenous and intracrop bolus administrations to broiler chickens

Cited by 3 publications

References 20 publications

Pharmacokinetics of Tylvalosin in Broiler Turkeys (Meleagris Gallopavo) After Single Intravenous and Oral Administration

Pharmacokinetics of Tylvalosin in Broiler Turkeys (Meleagris Gallopavo) After Single Intravenous and Oral Administration

Pharmacokinetic evaluation of roxithromycin and ciprofloxacin in treating complicated avian mycoplasmosis in broiler chickens

Safety profile of clarithromycin in broilers after repeated oral administration

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