Pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone administered by the intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous routes to dogs

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone after single intravenous (i.v.), intramuscular (i.m.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) doses in healthy dogs. Six mongrel dogs received ceftriaxone (50 mg/kg) by each route in a three-way crossover design. Blood samples were collected in predetermined times after drug administration. Results are reported as mean +/- standard deviation (SD). Total body clearance (Cl(t)) and apparent volume of distribution (V(z)) for the i.v. route were 3.61 +/- 0.78 and 0.217 +/- 0.03 mL/kg, respectively. Terminal half-life harmonic mean (t(1/2 lambda)) was 0.88; 1.17 and 01.73 h for the i.v., i.m and s.c. routes, respectively. Mean peak serum concentration (C(max)) was 115.10 +/- 16.96 and 69.28 +/- 14.55 microg/mL for the i.m and s.c. routes, respectively. Time to reach C(max) (t(max)) was 0.54 +/- 0.24 and 1.29 +/- 00.64 h for the i.m and s.c. routes, respectively. Mean absorption time (MAT) was 1.02 +/- 0.64 and 2.23 +/- 00.73 h for the i.m and s.c. routes, respectively. Bioavailability was 102 +/- 27 and 106 +/- 14% for the i.m and s.c. routes, respectively. Statistically significant differences were determined in C(max), t(max), MAT and t(1/2 lambda) of s.c. administered ceftriaxone when compared with the i.v and i.m. routes. These findings suggest that once or twice s.c. or i.m. daily administered ceftriaxone should be adequate to treat most susceptible infections in dogs.

Modelling concentrations of antimicrobial drugs: comparative pharmacokinetics of cephalosporin antimicrobials and accuracy of allometric scaling in food-producing and companion animals

“…This relates very well to the GFR in dogs. The reported clearance of ceftriaxone is 0.217 L/kg/h [21] in dogs, which is also close to the GFR. This might indicate that ceftazidime is excreted exclusively through glomerular filtration in both dogs and cats, yet, for ceftriaxone this only seems to be the case for dogs and not for cats.…”

Efficacy of single-dose ceftriaxone versus multiple-dose enrofloxacin in dogs with uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection: a randomised clinical trial

“…Utilisation of ceftriaxone may be advantageous due to its longer half-life and efficacy (Meyers et al 1983;Moller 2002). The half-life and behaviour of ceftriaxone have exhibit varying tendencies in animals (Rebuelto et al 2002). Dogs with uncomplicated LUTI are usually treated for 10−14 days (Grauer 2009;Weese 2011).…”

“…Ceftriaxone therapy has been documented to be efficacious in the management of human complicated or uncomplicated urinary tract infections (Iravani and Richard 1985;Park et al 2012;Lin et al 2016). However, pharmacological studies investigating the efficacy of ceftriaxone in veterinary medicine are limited (Soback and Ziv 1988;Ringger et al 1996;Ringger et al 1998;Rebuelto et al 2002). Although ceftri-doi: 10.17221/23/2016-VETMED axone is a third generation and broad spectrum cephalosporin which is regarded as a drug of last resort rather than first-line therapy, this study was conducted to compare the efficacy of a single dose of ceftriaxone with multiple doses of enrofloxacin in the treatment of uncomplicated LUTIs in dogs.…”

Characterization of the relationship between serum and milk residue disposition of ceftriaxone in lactating ewes

“…Normally, ceftriaxone is poorly absorbed through the mucosal membrane of the intestine and is thus ineffective when administered orally. The pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone has been investigated in humans (Benet & Williams, 1991), dogs (Rebuelto et al. , 2002), horses (Ringger et al.…”

“…Normally, ceftriaxone is poorly absorbed through the mucosal membrane of the intestine and is thus ineffective when administered orally. The pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone has been investigated in humans (Benet & Williams, 1991), dogs (Rebuelto et al, 2002), horses (Ringger et al, 1996), cattle (Johal & Srivastava, 1998, 1999, buffalo calves (Dardi et al, 2004(Dardi et al, , 2005, nonlactating sheep (Guerrini et al, 1985) and lactating goats (Ismail, 2005).…”