Efficacy of single-dose ceftriaxone versus multiple-dose enrofloxacin in dogs with uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection: a randomised clinical trial

Abstract

Dogs with uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection (LUTI) are usually treated with appropriate antibiotics for 10−14 days. In humans, a single dose of ceftriaxone is employed in the treatment of uncomplicated LUTI. The purpose of the current study was to compare the efficacy of a single dose of ceftriaxone with multiple dose (14 days) enrofloxacin administration in dogs with uncomplicated LUTI. Forty-seven non-pregnant clientowned dogs with LUTI signs were enrolled in this prospective, controlled, randomised, blinded clinical trial. The inclusion criteria were the presence of at least one type of bacteria greater than or equal to 1000 CFU/ml in each urine sample. Dogs were assigned randomly to Group ENR (n = 23) enrofloxacin treatment (5 mg/kg, s.c., s.i.d., for 14 days) and Group CEF (n = 20) ceftriaxone treatment (25 mg/kg, i.v., once). The time needed for disappearance of clinical signs ranged from 4−9 days and 1−5 days for Group ENR and Group CEF, respectively. Clinical signs significantly improved earlier in Group CEF than in Group ENR (P < 0.0001). Urine culture with less than or equal to 1000 CFU/ml was achieved on Days 17−21 after the first day of treatment in all dogs. Although a single dose of ceftriaxone can be considered as an alternative treatment to alleviate the signs of uncomplicated LUTI in dogs, its status as drug of last resort is a limiting factor for its extensive use in clinical practice.

Physiological, Hemato-biochemical and Urine Parameters Alterations in Lower Urinary Tract Affections in Dogs under Various Therapeutics Management

“…The findings of the present study are in agreement with the findings of Rajathi et al, (2006), Brunet al, (2008, Gupta (2014) and Pandurangrao (2017). Colakoglu et al, (2017) reported comparatively higher mean urine specific gravity (1.024±0.001) in dogs having lower urinary tract infection as compared to the present findings of dogs having cystitis.…”

A Cross-Sectional Study on Practices of Veterinarians Towards the Use of Ceftriaxone in Dogs in Enugu State, Nigeria

“…Ceftriaxone, a third-generation cephalosporin is one of the most important antimicrobials used in human medicine especially in critically ill patients (Joynt et al 2001). It is one of the drugs of last resort because of its strong activity against penicillinase producing enterobacteriaceae (WHO 2016; Colakoglu et al 2017). As an important antibiotic for humans, ceftriaxone is not meant to be used in non-humans, thus, there is no animal preparations of the drug.…”

“…However, ceftriaxone is permitted to be used as an extra-label drug in non-food producing animals such as dogs (FDA 2018). The drug has been used as an extra-label drug in the treatment of different animal bacterial diseases such as mastitis in cows, staphylococcal endocarditis and lower urinary tract infection in dogs among other diseases at different doses (Gavaldà et al 2002;Tapas 2013;Colakoglu et al 2017).…”

Clinico-toxicological effects of ceftriaxone after intramuscular administration of graded doses in Basenji dogs

“…Generally, cephalosporins is used in veterinary medicine because of its bactericidal activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria of clinical importance. In Veterinary medicine, CFZ has been used as extra-label drug in the treatment of different animal bacterial diseases such as mastitis in cows, staphylococcal endocartitis and lower urinary tract infection in dogs amongst others [6]. There is no veterinary preparation of the drug which has led to a number of studies on the efficacy of CFZ in veterinary medicine [6].…”

“…In Veterinary medicine, CFZ has been used as extra-label drug in the treatment of different animal bacterial diseases such as mastitis in cows, staphylococcal endocartitis and lower urinary tract infection in dogs amongst others [6]. There is no veterinary preparation of the drug which has led to a number of studies on the efficacy of CFZ in veterinary medicine [6]. As an extra-label drug, the accurate adverse effect profile has not been determined.…”