Pharmacokinetics of cefquinome in crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) after oral, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, and bath administration

Abstract

The pharmacokinetics (PK) of cefquinome (CEQ) was studied in crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) after single oral, intramuscular (i.m.), and intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight and following incubation in a 5 mg/L bath for 5 hr at 25°C. The plasma concentration of CEQ was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). PK parameters were calculated based on mean CEQ concentration using WinNonlin 6.1 software. The disposition of CEQ following oral, i.m., or i.p. administration was best described by a two-compartment open model with first-order absorption. After oral, i.m., and i.p. administration, the maximum plasma concentration (C ) values were 1.52, 40.53, and 67.87 μg/ml obtained at 0.25, 0.23, and 0.35 hr, respectively, while the elimination half-life (T ) values were 4.68, 7.39, and 6.88 hr, respectively; the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) values were 8.61, 339.11, and 495.06 μg hr/ml, respectively. No CEQ was detected in the plasma after bath incubation. Therapeutic blood concentrations of CEQ can be achieved in the crucian carp following i.m. and i.p. administration at a dosage of 10 mg/kg once every 2 days.

Pharmacokinetics of cefquinome in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after intravascular, intraperitoneal, and oral administrations

“…However, in rainbow trout, cefquinome following IV administration exhibited a large V dss with 0.84 L/kg. The V darea /F (1.59 L/kg) of cefquinome in rainbow trout (14 ± 1°C, 120 ± 10 g) after IP administration was greater than that reported in tilapia (0.33–0.41 L/kg, 30°C, 260 ± 30 g, Shan et al, 2015) and crucian carp (0.20–0.31 L/kg, 25°C, 310 ± 30 g, Shan et al, 2018). The binding ratio of drugs to plasma proteins and body composition affects the V d (Sakai, 2009).…”

“…In this study, the C max of cefquinome was very low following PO administration compared with IP administration. Similarly, C max of IP (67.87 μg/ml) administration was considerably higher than PO (1.52 μg/ml) in crucian carp (Shan et al, 2018). Cefquinome is poorly absorbed in crucian carp after PO administration (Shan et al, 2018).…”

“…The absolute bioavailability of cefquinome following IP and PO administration in rainbow trout were 59.46% and 12.33%, respectively. In tilapia and crucian carp, the relative bioavailability of cefquinome for IP and PO administration compared with IM administration was reported as 131%–146% and 2.5%, respectively (Shan et al, 2015, 2018).…”

“…It has been reported that cefquinome has a good effect on Nile tilapia infected with Aeromonas hydrophila (Aly et al, 2020), and none of the 95 Aeromonas species isolated from fish is resistant to cefquinome (Borella et al, 2020). Although there have been determined pharmacokinetic properties of cefquinome in various fish species such coho salmon (San martin et al, 1998), Nile tilapia (Shan et al, 2015), and crucian carp (Shan et al, 2018), no information according to our knowledge was reported on the pharmacokinetic and bioavailability in rainbow trout. The antibacterial and pharmacological properties suggest that cefquinome may be valuable in the treatment of bacterial diseases in rainbow trout.…”

Temperature‐dependent pharmacokinetics of trichlorfon in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) after bath immersion therapy

“…However, the water temperature, fish species, route of administration, and sample form (tissue or fluid) might affect compartmental PK modeling in fish (Hayton, 1999). The plasma cefquinome concentration–time profiles in Carassius auratus after intramuscular and intraperitoneal administration were best fit by a two−compartment model at 10°C (Shan et al, 2018); the plasma concentration−time data of florfenicol and florfenicol amine (its metabolite) in Carassius auratus were best fit by a one−compartment model after oral administration at 10, 20, and 25°C (Yang et al, 2019). Bath immersion therapy is effective for treating ectoparasitic infections of the skin or gills.…”