Pharmacokinetic study of enrofloxacin in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after a single oral administration in medicated feed

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the disposition kinetics of enrofloxacin (ENR) in the plasma and its distribution in the muscle tissue of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after a single oral dose of 10 mg/kg body weight via medicated feed. The fish were kept at a temperature between 28 and 30 °C. The collection period was between 30 min and 120 h after administration of the drug. The samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD). The ENR was slowly absorbed and eliminated from the plasma (Cmax = 1.24 ± 0.37 μg/mL; Tmax = 8 h; T1/2Ke = 19.36 h). ENR was efficiently distributed in the muscle tissue and reached maximum values (2.17 ± 0.74 μg/g) after 8 h. Its metabolite, ciprofloxacin (CIP), was detected and quantified in the plasma (0.004 ± 0.005 μg/mL) and muscle (0.01 ± 0.011 μg/g) for up to 48 h. After oral administration, the mean concentration of ENR in the plasma was well above the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC50 ) for most bacteria already isolated from fish except for Streptococcus spp. This way the dose used in this study allowed for concentrations in the blood to treat the diseases of tilapia.

Chemical composition, cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity of selected plant‐derived essential oils against fish pathogens

“…For antibiotics commonly used in aquaculture, ENRO, FFC, OTC and TAP, the isolates were classified as susceptible (MIC ≤ 0.096 µg/ml, ≤4 µg/ml, ≤1 µg/ml and ≤ 8 µg/ml, respectively), intermediately susceptible (0.096 < MIC ≤1.92, ≤ 4 µg/ml, 8 µg/ml and 2 µg/ml, respectively) or resistant (MIC > 1.92 µg/ml, >8 µg/ml, >2 µg/ml and >8 µg/ml, respectively) following the alternative interpretative criteria suggested by CLSI (2014) (Agustín et al., 2019; Assane et al., 2019; Teles et al., 2015). MBC‐to‐MIC ratio was used to identify antimicrobial agents as either bactericidal or bacteriostatic.…”

Pharmacokinetics of orbifloxacin in crucian carp (Carassius auratus) after intravenous and intramuscular administration

“…These drugs act by preventing DNA supercoiling through the inhibition of bacterial DNA gyrase (Dimitrova, Haritova, Dinev, Moutafchieva, & Lashev, ). The pharmacokinetics of several fluoroquinolones have previously been reported in fish species, including difloxacin in gibel carp (Cao, Zhang, He, Zheng, & Yang, ), sarafloxacin in crucian carp (Fang, Zhou, & Liu, 2016b), and enrofloxacin in grass carp (Xu, Wang, Yang, & Lu, ), Nile tilapia (Teles, Branco, Del Bianchi, Pilarski, & Reyes, ), snakehead fish (Fang et al., ), and crucian carp (Fan et al., ).…”

Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Distribution of Enrofloxacin Following Single Oral Administration in Yellow River Carp (Cyprinus carpio haematoperus)

“…Enrofloxacin serves as a last-line treatment in aquaculture, and it effectively treats the bacterial infections caused by F. columnare (6), A. hydrophila (9), and A. sobria (10). The plasma pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin has been reported in some fish species, such as crucian carp (11,12), large yellow croaker (13), tilapia (14), snakehead fish (15), brown turbot (16), and salmonids (17). In addition to those pharmacokinetics studies, the tissue distribution of enrofloxacin has also been reported in aquaculture species, including northern snakeheads (18), rainbow trout (19,20), grass carp (21), largemouth bass (22), and pacu (23).…”