Pharmacokinetic pilot study of the antiangiogenic activity of standardized platycodi radix

Abstract

Introduction Platycodi radix is a radish used in food, such as Korean kimchi, and has been shown to cause weight loss in rodents. Platycodin D is considered its active ingredient and has been shown to inhibit lipases. The authors hypothesized that platycodi radix and the platycodin D it contains inhibit angiogenesis; another mechanism for weight loss. Methods This study tested platycodi radix extract, platycodin D, and an extract of platycodi radix standardized to platycodin D for their ability to inhibit angiogenesis in a human adipose tissue assay. This study treated five healthy volunteers, orally, with platycodi radix extract standardized to 414 mg of platycodin D. Three volunteers were treated under fasting conditions, one volunteer with a 400 kcal meal, and one volunteer treated with a placebo. Blood was drawn over 5 hours to compare serum inhibition of the human adipose tissue angiogenesis. Results Platycodin radix extract, platycodin D, and platycodi radix extract standardized to platycodin D all inhibited angiogenesis. The three volunteers who consumed platycodi radix extract standardized to 414 mg of platycodin D had a 25.76% reduction in angiogenesis from baseline at 60 minutes (P<0.002), and had a statistically significant reduction in angiogenesis from 30 to 240 minutes (P<0.05 to P<0.002). The placebo decreased angiogenesis by 5.6% between 30 and 240 minutes, compared with 17.8% by the extract. The meal delayed absorption by approximately 3.5 hours. Conclusion Platycodi radix extract standardized to platycodin D inhibited angiogenesis in human volunteers, and paves the way for a dose-response study and a human clinical obesity trial.

Hainosan (painongsan) suppresses the biofilm formation of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia in vitro

“…The major compounds of HNS (platycodin D, paeoniflorin, and hesperidin) have been shown to be able to be delivered into blood . We suggest, however, that the effects of HNS are expected not only in the blood circulation but also directly in the oral cavity, because high‐concentration intraoral HNS can directly affect periodontal disease‐related bacteria in the oral cavity.…”

Metabolite identification and pharmacokinetic study of platycodi radix (Jiegeng) in vivo

“…[1][2][3] In addition, Jiegeng has been reported to have many other pharmacological activities, such as anti-oxidant, 4,5 antitumor, [6][7][8][9] anti-diabetic, 10 anti-obesity, 11,12 hepato-protective 13,14 and cardiovascular system activities. 15,16 All the above activities are due to the chemical constituents in Jiegeng, including polysaccharides, saponins, avonoids, polyphenols, polyacetylenes and sterols. 1 The saponins in Jiegeng are also called platycosides, which have been proved to be the major bioactive compounds.…”

An open label pilot study to evaluate the efficacy of Spanish black radish on the induction of phase I and phase II enzymes in healthy male subjects

“…In addition, recent evidence showed that a 20% radish diet protected mice following exposure to the model carcinogen, 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) through both phase I and II enzymes in DMBA clearance [ 11 ]. Ingestion of radishes induces detoxification enzymes in mice [ 10 ] and although many human studies investigating the effects of fresh crucifers [ 12 – 14 ] have been published, few studies have investigated the supplement form of crucifers [ 15 , 16 ].…”