Pharmacokinetic disposition and plasma protein binding (in vitro) of chloramphenicol in Bubalus bubalis I*

Abstract

Eleven buffalo calves (Bubalus bubalis) of 1‐1 1/2 years of age and weighing between 64 and 174 kg were given chloramphenicol at the dose rates of 10 and 20 mg/kg body weight. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from the plasma levels. The median elimination half‐life was estimated to be 2.95 h and the median volumes of distribution were 1.1667 litres/kg with the 10 mg/kg dose and 0.9699 litres/kg with the 20 mg/kg dose. The median metabolic clearance rates were 288.30 and 234.13 ml/h/kg, respectively. From the average plasma concentrations obtained with the 20 mg/kg i.v. dose, it was considered necessary to repeat the drug by the i.m. route with the same dose (four calves) which resulted in prolonging the therapeutic concentration (> 5 μg/ml) until 18 h. At therapeutic concentrations, about 60% of the drug was bound to plasma proteins. Using the overall elimination rate constant (0.2354 h‐1) and the apparent specific volume of distribution (0.97 litres/kg), different dosage regimens were calculated so as to obtain plasma concentrations (Cp min) of 2, 5 and 10 μg/ml.

Comparative pharmacokinetics of ampicillin trihydrate, gentamicin sulphate and oxytetracycline hydrochloride in Nubian goats and desert sheep

“…Marked species differences were also reported in the literature for the t 1/2b of oxytetracycline which was 630 min in horses (Pilloud, 1973), 420 min in camels (El-Gendi et al, 1983), 546 min in cattle (Yoder & Packer, 1954), 217 min in buffalo (Varma & Paul, 1983) and 221 min in Merino sheep (Anika et al, 1986). The latter is shorter than our present result (378 min).…”

Pharmacokinetics and residues in milk of oxytetra‐cyclines administered parenterally to dairy goats

“…6,20 Scientific Moreover, the t fi (3.0 ± 0.3 h) was lower than that reported in cows (6.5 h), 17 dogs (6.02 h), 24 horses (10.5 h), 13 goats (6.46 h), 6 calves (93.32 h), 21 desert sheep (6.3 h), 20 and similar to those obtained in dairy cows (2.6 h) 22 and buffaloes (3.6 h). 19 The t fi after IM injection of CF and LA was three and a half times and five times greater (P < 0.05) than IV routes, respectively.…”

“…The description of pharmacokinetic profiles by 2-COM in goats has been reported in earlier studies in various animal species. 6,[15][16][17][18][19][20] The t 1/2λ1 (0.2 ± 0.09 h) of OTC administered IV in goats was similar to that reported for veal calves (0.16 h), 21 calves (0.27 h), 18 dairy cows (0.178 ± 0.032 h) 22 and lower than those found in sheep (0.413 ± 0.028 h) 23 and goats (0.44 h and 0.37 h). 6,20 Scientific Moreover, the t fi (3.0 ± 0.3 h) was lower than that reported in cows (6.5 h), 17 dogs (6.02 h), 24 horses (10.5 h), 13 goats (6.46 h), 6 calves (93.32 h), 21 desert sheep (6.3 h), 20 and similar to those obtained in dairy cows (2.6 h) 22 and buffaloes (3.6 h).…”

Disposition kinetics, urinary excretion and dosage regimen of kanamycin in buffalo calves following single intravenous administration

“…However, such information is not available for buffalo. Previous studies have emphasized that disposition kinetic data obtained from cattle cannot be extrapolated to buffalo (Verma et al, 1980). The purpose of the present investigation was to study the disposition kinetics and urinary excretion of kanamycin in buffalo calves following single intravenous administration.…”