Pharmacognostic standardization and qualitative analysis of Gymnosporia senegalensis

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the pharmacognostic parameters of different parts of Gymnosporia senegalensis (Lam.) Loes. These parameters play a vital role in the traditional medicine system for administering the drug and their therapeutic effects on various ailments. Standardization parameters include sequential extract preparation, physicochemical studies (ash value, moisture content, pH, fluorescence analysis), and phytochemical screening of the three parts of G. senegalensis. Various macro and microelements (in ppm) were estimated by using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Total ash content (3.04±0.02), water-soluble ash (2.63±0.01), and insoluble acid ash (0.72±0.01) were found to be the highest in the leaf. Foreign organic matter was observed higher in stem (0.07±0.04) followed by bark and leaf. The moisture content was found lowest in bark (2.02±0.01), preventing microbial growth. The pH of the crude drug of plant parts is weakly acidic, ranging from pH 5.33 to 5.96 at 1 % and 4.93 to 6.03 at 10 %. Fluorescence results were also helpful in detecting the substituents and adulterants and assessing the crude drugs qualitatively. The present study revealed the presence of various primary and secondary metabolites (terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponin) in high and moderate amounts in the extracts of different parts of the plant. The stem and bark also showed a reasonable presence of macro and microelements (As, Cr, Cd, Pb, Zn, Mn, and Cu). The complete analysis provides valuable information for the quality assurance of G. senegalensis as a crude drug for preparing formulations of herbal medications.

Analysis of Quantitative Phytochemical Content and Antioxidant Activity of Leaf, Stem, and Bark of Gymnosporia senegalensis (Lam.) Loes.

“…The soxhlet mixture was filtered using muslin cloth, and concentrated under vacuum pressure using a rotary evaporator at the boiling point of each solvent. Subsequently, the dried extracts were stored at 4 °C in an airtight container for further use [ 74 ].…”

“…The soxhlet mixture was filtered using muslin cloth, and concentrated under vacuum pressure using a rotary evaporator at the boiling point of each solvent. Subsequently, the dried extracts were stored at 4 • C in an airtight container for further use [74]. The determination of the total phenol content (TPC) was evaluated using the Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) reagent method with a slight modification [75].…”

Assessment of phytochemical screening and antioxidant potential of Heteropogon contortus (L.) whole plant

“…All the primary (amino acids, carbohydrates, and proteins) and secondary metabolites (saponin, alkaloids, phenols, steroids, terpenoids, tannins, etc.) were qualitatively analysed in low, moderate, and high amount from the methanol, hydroethanol, and aqueous extract of H. contortus by the help of different tests [19][20][21][22].…”

Effective Biotic Elicitors for Augmentation of Secondary Metabolite Production in Medicinal Plants

“…Primary metabolites, including lipids, glucose, and protein are necessary for life [1]. Plants also produce a wide range of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, alkaloids, pigments, steroids, quinones, and terpenoids that are utilized as nutritional supplements, colors, flavors, biological pesticides, scents, and agricultural chemicals [2,3]. On the other hand, they do not significantly influence how plants' fundamental life cycles are regulated.…”