Pharmacogenetics of FSH Action in the Female

Abstract

The purpose of a pharmacogenomic approach is to tailor treatment on the basis of an individual human genotype. This strategy is becoming increasingly common in medicine, and important results have been obtained in oncologic and antimicrobial therapies. The rapid technological developments and availability of innovative methodologies have revealed the existence of numerous genotypes that can influence the action of medications and give rise to the idea that a true “individualized” approach could become in the future a reality in clinical practice. Moreover, compared to the past, genotype analyses are now more easily available at accessible cost. Concerning human reproduction, there is ample evidence that several variants of gonadotropins and their receptors influence female reproductive health and ovarian response to exogenous gonadotropins. In more detail, variants in genes of follicle-stimulating hormone β -chain (FSH-B) and its receptor (FSH-R) seem to be the most promising candidates for a pharmacogenomic approach to controlled ovarian stimulation in assisted reproductive technologies. In the present review, we summarize the evidence regarding FSH-B and FSH-R variants, with special reference to their impact on reproductive health and assisted reproductive technology treatments.

Effect of LHCGR Gene Polymorphism (rs2293275) on LH Supplementation Protocol Outcomes in Second IVF Cycles: A Retrospective Study

“…The concept of categorizing a prior hypo-responder as a patient needing LH supplementation is not optimal as it involves wastage of an IVF cycle resulting in financial loss and emotional turmoil for the couple along with age-related negative effects during the subsequent cycles. The hypo-response could be related to specific genetic profiles of both the FSH and LH systems (33)(34)(35).…”

Pharmacogenomic Biomarkers of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Receptor Malfunction in Females with Impaired Ovarian Response—A Genetic Survey

“…While it is in the end, oocyte quality which is the most important parameter and that is no doubt affected by a plethora of factors and resulted in different treatment outcomes, but FSHR genotyping is still considered as a promising PGx approach for personalized infertility therapy in women, who receive the related medicines and displayed negative efficiency [ 72 ], especially, when there are no other common reasons for non-successful infertility therapy procedures. Various mutations and polymorphisms have been reported for this important pharmacogene with different frequencies in diverse populations.…”

Low Prognosis by the POSEIDON Criteria in Women Undergoing Assisted Reproductive Technology: A Multicenter and Multinational Prevalence Study of Over 13,000 Patients

“…POSEIDON patients, particularly those within groups 1 and 2, may harbor genetic variants potentially contributing to the hypo-response. Genotyping before COS could help better personalize treatment protocols ( 30 ), but the frequency and impact of specific genotype profiles on ovarian reserve and reproductive outcomes of POSEIDON patients have not yet been studied. Once these gaps in knowledge are filled, the pharmacogenomic-based COS may become a reality for these patients.…”