Pharmacoepidemiological observational study of antimicrobial use in outpatients of ophthalmology department in North Indian population

Hina, Kazuyoshi; Chopra, Deepti; Mukherjee, Shoma; Mohan, Pooja

doi:10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_255_17

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 14 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…With prescription of cheap drugs patient's compliance may improve. In clinical practice brand names are seen in most of the prescriptions which makes cost variation an important factor [22,23] . When cost of a drug is more than patient hesitate to take medicines results in less compliance [18] .…”

Section: Percentage Of Cost Variation=cost Of Most Expensive Brand-co...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation of Cost Among Oral Hypoglycaemic Drugs Available in Indian Market in 2020-21

Patil

2023

IJPS

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In the absence of comparative information on hypoglycaemic drug prices, it is difficult for physicians to prescribe most economical treatment. Hence, this study is designed to analyse the percentage variation of cost among different brands of oral hypoglycaemic drugs available in Indian market. Study data was collected from the current index of medical specialities of October 2020 to January 2021. The difference between the maximum and minimum costs was calculated. Then cost ratio and percentage of cost variation were calculated for each drug. In single drug therapy Glimepiride 1 mg tablet showed highest and Vildagliptin 50 mg showed lowest cost variation. In two drugs combination therapy Glimepiride+Metformin (2 mg+500 mg) showed highest and Gliclazide+Metformin (40 mg+500 mg) showed lowest cost variation. In three drugs combination Glimepiride+Metformin+Pioglitazone (2 mg+500 mg+15 mg) showed highest and Glimepiride+Metformin+Pioglitazone (2 mg+500 mg+7.5 mg) showed lowest cost variation. This study showed a wide variation in the prices, cost ratio and in cost variation of oral hypoglycemic drugs.

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Section: Percentage Of Cost Variation=cost Of Most Expensive Brand-co...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation of Cost Among Oral Hypoglycaemic Drugs Available in Indian Market in 2020-21

Patil

2023

IJPS

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Indication-prescription study for the management of conjunctivitis in a Colombian population

et al. 2022

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pharmacological variables and comorbidities were considered. A descriptive analysis was performed. Results A total of 8708 patients were identified; they had a median age of 44.7 years, and 59.3% were women. The most common causes of conjunctivitis were unspecified (53.1%) and allergic (37.4%). The most commonly used drug was olopatadine (26.1%), followed by dexamethasone with neomycin and polymyxin B (25.0%). A total of 97.0% of the patients received ophthalmic prescriptions, while 12.8% received systemic medications. Glucocorticoids (40.3%), antibiotics (37.7%) and antihistamines (31.7%) were the most commonly used groups of ophthalmic drugs. Glucocorticoids and ophthalmic antibiotics were the medications most frequently prescribed by general practitioners for the treatment of viral or bacterial conjunctivitis.

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A Study of the Prescribing Pattern and Outcome of Antimicrobials in Infectious Eye Diseases in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Deka,

DWIPEN KHANIKAR

2024

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate how often antimicrobials are prescribed to patients with infectious eye illnesses and assess the effectiveness of antibiotics in treating infectious eye diseases in the Department of Ophthalmology’s outpatient clinic. Methods: The study population consisted of 316 patients with different infectious diseases of the eye who attended the Ophthalmology Outpatient Department in a Tertiary Care Hospital. It was a cross-sectional prospective observational study. Non probability sampling method was used for the study. Data were collected in a questionnaire developed by the researcher which included age, sex, symptoms that the patient is experiencing, medications administered to the patient, route of administration of the medicines, dosage or strength of the medicines, daily frequency of administration, duration of treatment, and outcome following the end of the treatment. Data collected are entered in the Microsoft Excel 2016 software. Data are analyzed and summarized using descriptive and inferential statistics, and later presented in tables, bar diagrams, and percentages. Results: Eighty-one patients (25.63%) had bacterial conjunctivitis, 27 (8.54%) had viral conjunctivitis, 9 (2.85%) had bacterial keratitis, 16 (5.06%) had viral keratitis, 8 (2.53%) had fungal keratitis, 14 (4.43%) had blepharitis, 6 (1.90%) had meibomitis, 33 (10.44%) had stye, 49 (15.51%) had dacryocystitis, 2 (0.63%) had canaliculitis, 5 (1.58%) had scleritis, 44 (13.92%) had episcleritis, 14 (4.43%) had uveitis, 6 (1.90%) had preseptal cellulitis, and 2 (0.63%) had orbital cellulitis. Two hundred and twenty-six patients (71.52%) received Moxifloxacin, 27 (8.54%) received Moxifloxacin and Loteprednol combination, 36 (11.40%) received Moxifloxacin and Dexamethasone combination, 20 (6.33%) received Acyclovir, 23 (7.28%) received Ganciclovir, 8 (2.53%) received Natamycin, 4 (1.26%) received Fluconazole, 4 (1.26%) received Itraconazole, 42 (13.30%) received Amoxicillin and Clavulanic Acid combination, 43 (13.60%) received Cefixime, 4 (1.26%) received Ciprofloxacin and 2 (0.63%) received a combination of Ceftriaxone and Sulbactam. None of the patients were administered Tobramycin (0%). Brand-name medications were prescribed for every patient (n=316) (100%). Among the 316 patients, 92 patients (29.11%) were also prescribed generic names of drugs. The total number of medicines in 316 prescriptions was 439. Three hundred and fifty-one medicines (79.95%) out of 439 medicines were prescribed from the National List of Essential Medicines, 2022. 117 medicines (26.65%) out of 439 medicines were prescribed from the 21st WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, 2019. It was seen that 279 patients (88.30%) had an improvement in their disease condition, 36 patients (11.40%) had no change in the existing disease condition and 1 patient (0.30%) had a deterioration of the disease condition. Conclusion: Early treatment with proper medicines can reduce severe complications of infectious eye diseases, such as endophthalmitis, panophthalmitis, and blindness. This will establish a healthy society, which will help in increasing the productivity of the individuals thus leading to a prosperous future.

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Pharmacoepidemiological observational study of antimicrobial use in outpatients of ophthalmology department in North Indian population

Cited by 4 publications

References 14 publications

Variation of Cost Among Oral Hypoglycaemic Drugs Available in Indian Market in 2020-21

Variation of Cost Among Oral Hypoglycaemic Drugs Available in Indian Market in 2020-21

Indication-prescription study for the management of conjunctivitis in a Colombian population

A Study of the Prescribing Pattern and Outcome of Antimicrobials in Infectious Eye Diseases in a Tertiary Care Hospital

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