Pharmacoeconomics and quality of life of current and emerging biologic therapies for inflammatory bowel disease

Abstract

The development of biologic therapies for Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis has profoundly affected the treatment of these diseases. The impact of these novel therapies has been tremendous in terms of their ability to cause clinical improvement in symptoms and endoscopic and histologic evidence of healing, as well as improvements in quality of life. However, the success of these new remedies comes with a significant price tag. In the current cost-containment environment of health care, it is essential to evaluate the impact of these novel and promising therapies on health care resource utilization, employment productivity, and quality of life. Despite the high cost of these new medications, they may result in a net cost savings through their ability to induce remission in the sickest of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, thereby averting the large expenditures associated with hospitalization and surgery. Likewise, by improving patients' physical symptoms, emotional well-being, and quality of life, biologic agents have the potential to reduce much of the unemployment, missed work, and disability through which IBD patients suffer. In a disease with an early age of onset and a chronic course with normal life expectancy, reducing morbidity and improving quality of life should be important measures of treatment success. Biologic therapies for IBD hold significant promise in this regard, allowing clinicians to achieve lasting remission in patients who are unresponsive to conventional therapies. Comparison of the costs and benefits of biologic therapies with conventional treatments for IBD is complicated by the need to assess the downstream effects of an intervention. For example, corticosteroids are inexpensive and very effective for induction of remission, but they come with significant long-term complications, such as osteoporosis, cataracts, impaired glucose tolerance, and poor wound healing, which must be taken into account when assessing their true cost as a maintenance medication. We do not yet have enough experience with biologic therapies to evaluate their potential to prevent or create future costs associated with adverse effects. However, as we move forward with our knowledge of biologic agents, an understanding of the economic and quality-of-life implications of these innovative therapies is crucial for patients, clinicians, and third-party payers alike.

Utilization Trends of Anti-TNF Agents and Health Outcomes in Adults and Children with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

“…12-14,31-34 We believe the unique value of this study is that it offers a quantitative “snapshot” of utilization trends, although single-center, under standard of care models for IBD in a large tertiary academic center. To our knowledge, no study has tried to describe and compare longitudinal utilization trends for both infliximab and adalimumab.…”

Development and validation of the Crohnʼs disease perceived work disability questionnaire

“…If these hopes materialize these new therapies may prevent the progressive work disability that many CD patients experience. 30 Having a validated tool to measure work disability could help to determine the long-term efficacy of the different treatments in improving this severe consequence of the disease. Indeed, Feagan et al 4 have recommended including disability as an endpoint in therapeutic trials.…”

Pharmacoeconomical Impacts of Crohn’s Disease

“…As a consequence of the Crohn's disease course and prognosis, HRQOL is diminished and directly correlates with a higher likelihood of unemployment [28]. In a case-controlled study [29], adult patients with CD were reported to have more long-term unemployment than controls.…”